The velvet ants (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) of Central Europe

Linzer biol. Beitr. 37/2 1505-1543 16.12.2005

The velvet ants (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) of Central Europe

A.S. LELEJ & Ch. SCHMID-EGGER

Abstract: The species of Mutillidae from Central Europe are keyed, briefly
diagnosed, their distribution and host relationships summarized. New synonymy is
proposed: Ronisia brutia (PETAGNA 1787) = Mutilla crimeae STRAND 1917, syn.n.;
Smicromyrme triangularis (RADOSZKOWSKI 1865) = S. pouzdranensis HOFFER 1936,
syn.n. The key in German language is given also. 34 species in 15 genera are treated.

Key words: Hymenoptera, Mutillidae, key, Central Europe.

Introduction

The species of Mutillidae in Central Europe are poorly known, compared with the re-
maining Aculeate groups as Apidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae, Pompilidae or others. Until
now, there is no complete key or monograph for the species of Central Europe. The basic
work with keys for most European species is still the fauna of Italy by INVREA (1964),
but obsolete in taxonomy and nomenclature. Lelej (1985) published a key to the former
USSR species of Mutillidae in Russian language, comprising most species of Central
Europe. PETERSEN (1988) revised the type species of FABRICIUS, and SUAREZ (1988)
revised the Myrmosinae of Spain and added keys for the species of the Western Pa-
laearctic region. The German species were keyed by OEHLKE (1974) and the species of
Smicromyrme and Physetopoda of Germany revised and keyed by SCHMID-EGGER &
PETERSEN (1993). The Mutillidae of former Czechoslovakia were studied by HOFFER
(1938) and keyed by BOUCEK & SNOFLAK (1957). An important step to stability in no-
menclature and taxonomy was done by the catalogue of the Palaearctic region by LELEJ
(2002) with keys to all Mutillidae genera.

The aim of the present paper is to present an updated key for the Mutillidae species of
Central Europe. We treat all species known from Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia,
Hungary, Switzerland, and Germany. Also we include some species from North Italy,
which may occur also in southern Switzerland or in southem Austria (Tab. 1). Total 34
species in 15 genera are included in this review. However we did not revise the fauna of
these countries, so information about distribution comes from literature only (summa-
rized in LELEJ 2002). Changes in fauna or additional species are therefore to expect. The
only faunistic revision of a country in Central Europe within the last 40 was done by
SCHMID-EGGER & BURGER (1998) for Germany.

Also, the knowledge about taxonomy is not completed at all. So, the males of
Physetopoda pusilla, Ph. sericeiceps and Smicromyrme triangularis and the females of

1506

Ph. cingulata and Ph. daghestanica are unknown for science. With the present keys, we
want to encourage scientists in Central Europe to include Mutillidae in their faunistic
work and to increase knowledge about this interesting family.

Tab. 1. Taxa of Mutillidae distributed in Austria (A), Czech Republic (CZ), Slovakia (SL), Hun-
gary (H), Switzerland (CH), Germany (D), North Italy (P)

(Wo Sspecissubopeiee NC feo [1
(em — LLLLLLELI
i [krombeintia longis roov ii, ||.

Ta ermtemetts races nca voy ff Te
3. |Myrmosa a. atra PANZER 1801 + +

4. |Paramyrmosa brunnipes (LEPELETIER 1845)

NE

Myrmillinae

Myrmilla (s.str.) calva (VILLERS 1789)

Myrmilla (s.str.) erythrocephala (LATREILLE 1792)

7. |Myrmilla (Pseudomutilla) capitata (LUCAS 1849)
Myrmilla (Pseudomutilla) glabrata (FABRICIUS 1775)
Myrmilla (Pseudomutilla) vutshetitshi (SKORIKOV 1927)

5.

ERU ES RES Es NO ET

Platymyrmilla quinquefasciata (OLIVIER 1811)
Mutillinae-Mutillini
Mutilla europaea LINNAEUS 1758

BENE ER ERES DR GER
E e ELS

ES NIS SEAN

See

Bee]
a |
pops

Mutilla marginata BAER 1848

—

2.
3:

—

Ronisia brutia (PETAGNA 1787)
Tropidotilla litoralis (PETAGNA 1787)

ERES EA B

Smieromyrmini
Nemka v. viduata (PALLAS 1773)
Physetopoda cingulata (COSTA 1858)
Physetopoda daghestanica (RADOSZKOWSKI 1885)
Physetopoda halensis (FABRICIUS 1787)
Physetopoda lucasii (SMITH 1855)
0. |Physetopoda punctata (LATREILLE 1792)
1. |Physetopoda pusilla (KLUG 1835)
. |Physetopoda scutellaris (LATREILLE 1792)

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. |Physetopoda sericeiceps (ANDRÉ 1901)
. |Smicromyrme (Astomyrme) ausonia INVREA 1950
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Smicromyrme (Eremotilla) ingauna INVREA 1958

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Identification of Mutillidae

Ku

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r3
Cd

For identification, open mandibles, a clear clypeus of male and female, a visible pygidial
area of female, lateral felt line on metasomal segment II of male (especially for
Smicromyrme and Physetopoda) and male genitalia are very important. The identifica-
tion of Physetopoda and Smicromyrme males requires the study of genitalia. Pinning
specimens is the standard method for preparation. When gluing specimens (e.g. small
females of Smicromyrme, Physetopoda or Myrmosinae), it is recommended to glue them
laterally on a triangular card, to make examination of venter and sterna possible.

The morphologic terminology used in this paper follows subsequent authors (cf. LELEJ
2002). The term ‘mes osoma’ is the united thorax and propodeum. The meta -
somal segments (metasomal sternum, metasomal tergum) are denoted with
tergum and sternum only. Felt lines are marked and easily visible furrows or a
line with a fringe along lateral margin of terga or sterna.

The first key includes subfamilies and genera. The full species name is given, when the
genus is represented with one species only in Central Europe. The following keys (A - F)
treat the genera with two or more species in Central Europe. To facilitate the finding of a
species in the text, species are numbered continuous without consideration of subfami-
lies or genera. The numeration is similar to this of tab. 1. For further information about
genera and subfamilies relationships and phylogeny of Mutillidae, see LELEJ & NEMKOV
(1997).

For each species, a brief description of the most typical characters is given. Characters,
given in the key, are not repeated in the description. For better recognition of some spe-
cies, additional characters are given in the key, separated by a dash (-). The body length
is mentioned for each species in the key only. Because the basic color of all species is
black, only red or pale colored body parts are described.

Life history

Velvet ants are parasitoids and their larvae feed other larva of various species of Acule-
ate Hymenoptera, Diptera or even Coleoptera. Females dig in the ground or enter host

1508

nest to deposit eggs. LELEJ (1985) summarizes the knowledge about the host relation-
ships and listed references. We add this information in the description part. The host
relationships are not reviewed or verified, but only listed here.

Mutillidae in general are xerothermophil species and occur in dry habitats, often on
sandy ground. Females walk over the ground and avoid large heat, so often (especially in
southern parts of Central Europe), they can be observed in the morning and late after-
noon. Exceptions are the species of Mutilla, which occur also in the higher mountains.
Males visit flowers, especially these of umbrella plants (Apiaceae) and can be caught in
flight in the lower vegetation. Some males are nocturnal (e.g. Physetopoda halensis) and
can be attract by light. Malaise traps are suited to collect Mutillidae males.

Key to subfamilies and genera

3d

| Apterous or subapterous forms. (Subfamily Myrmillinae) ................................. Myrmilla B
=. FUY Winged Orns ses ee 2

2 Metasomal segment II without felt lines on tergum or sternum. Eyes with setae,
sometimes very short, and visible under large magnification only. Veins of forewing

touch wing apex. (Subfamily Myrmosinae)................................................................. 3
- Metasomal segment II with felt lines on tergum or sternum (Fig. 1). Eyes without setae.
Veins of forewing do not touch wing apex....ss sense 5

3 Tergum VII laterally with preapical tooth (Fig. 2). Mesosoma partly red ............................

999548€€9 DOUDOU NA ON RE RO DO REE ESTEE ESET PRET ET ET ERE RE REHEAT STEERER THESE EEE REESE HERS RATER RE PERE Ee REE ee DORE

- Tergum VII laterally without preapical tooth (Fig. 3). Mesosoma all black....................... 4

4 Tergum VII with longitudinal rounded fovea, more or less emarginated apically (Fig.
4). Inner border of mandible with three preapical teeth, basal tooth enlarged. Sternum
H basally with medial tubercle. 5.0-11.5 mm... 3 Myrmosa atra PANZER
- Tergum VII without longitudinal rounded fovea and rounded apically (Fig. 5). Inner
border of mandible with two preapical teeth, basal tooth not enlarged. Sternum II
basally without medial tubercle. 4.5-10.0 mm......4 Paramyrmosa brunnipes (LEPELETIER)
5 Inner eye margin with deep notch (Fig. 6), if sometimes notch not so deep (some
Mutillini), than tegula shortened. (Subfamily Mutillinae) .…......................................... 6

- Inner eye margin without any notch (Fig. 7)... 13

6 Tegula long, d beyond the scuto-scutellar suture (Fig. 20), if much shorter,
than eye notch is weak. Mandible without basal tooth or with rounded lobe beneath

(Fig. 15). Metasomal segment I more or less transversal. (Tribe Mutillini) ................... 7
- Tegula usually not protruded beyond scuto-scutellar suture (Fig. 19). Usually mandible
with basal tooth or basal lobe beneath (Fig. 16). Metasomal segment I different shape,
Dut not transversaloo: e a eoa een 9
7 Terga II and III without band or spots of pale pubescence, at most with fringe of pale
setae on posterior margin. 9.0-18.0 mm ..................... 14 Tropidotilla litoralis (PETAGNA)
- Terga li and IH with band or spots of pale pubescence ....................sssssssssssssss 8
8 Band of pale pubescence on tergum H with medial emargination or divided medially
into two spots. Terga with blue or violet lustre. Mandible tridentate (Fig. 17) ....Mutilla C

- Band of pale pubescence on tergum II with two emargination or divided into three
spots. Terga without blue or violet lustre. Mandible bidentate. 8.0-16.0 mm.......................
SR 13 Ronisia brutia (PETAGNA)

1509

Forewing: distance between origin of RS on vein SC and base of stigmatic cell almost
2 x stigmatic cell length or more than 2 x first abscissa RS length (Fig. 21).
Flagellomere I 1.5-2.0 x shorter than flagellomere II (Fig. 23). (Tribe Smicromyrmini) ........ 10

Forewing: distance between origin of RS on vein SC and base of stigmatic cell more or
less equal to stigmatic cell length or first abscissa RS length (Fig. a Usually
flagellomere I more or less equals to flagellomere II or longer than it (Fig. 24)............... 12

Sternum H without any trace of lateral felt lines (Fig. 9)........................... Physetopoda D

Sternum II with short lateral felt lines, sometimes reduced to a few small punctures

A a ne dE ARNEL 1]

Mesosternum with precoxal pointed tubercle. Genital volsella with basal external Jobe
and long narrow cuspis, basivolsella with very long setae (Fig. 30). - Mandible apically
larger than medially, tridentate, medial tooth is the shortest (Fig. 16). 5.0-19.0 mm ...........
E TM EON 15 Nemka viduata (PALLAS)

Mesosternum without precoxal tubercle. Genital volsella without basal external lobe
and long narrow cuspis, basivolsella with short setae or without setae (Fig. 29). —
Mandible apically narrow in Central European species, bi- or tridentate (Figs 34, 37)........
————————— Á————— HI Smicromyrme E

Penial valvae of genitalia symmetrical. Mesoscutellum not gibbous, usually without
median carina. Sternum VIII (hypopygium) usually without a pair of strong lateral
carinae. (Tribe Petersenidiini). 7.0-12.0 mm ........................ 30 Artiotilla biguttata (COSTA)

Penial valvae of genitalia more or less asymmetrical. Mesoscutellum gibbous, usually
with median longitudinal carina or narrow smooth line. Sternum VIII usually with a
pair of strong lateral carinae. (Tribe Trogaspidiini). 11.5-15.0 mm...
voti desc aot Rad te ee 31 Trogaspidia catanensis (ROSSI)

Metasomal segment [ not constricted posterad. Gonostyli curved down. (Subfamily
Myr DET CPP" ]

Metasomal segment I usually constricted posterad (Figs 27, 28). Gonostyli straight or
CMV CON se cde etum tu eate ue 15
Tergum IJ laterally longitudinally swollen. Sternum JI with extremely long carina

protruding of posterior sternal border. 10.0-15.0 mm ............nuessasesssesssnesesnneennnnenenenennenenan
et nd 10 Platymyrmilla quinquefaciata (OLIVIER)

Tergum II laterally not swollen. Sternum II at most with short longitudinal medial

CT QUE een ee 4 Myrmilla B
Eyes hemispherical (as Fig. 8). Gonostyli strongly curved up. (Subfamily
Sphaeropthalminae). 6.0-12.0 mm... 32 Cystomutilla ruficeps (SMITH)
Eyes weakly convex, oval (Fig. 7). Gonostyli straight or slightly curved up apically.
(Subfamily Däsyläbiinae) nes eat saa teuutecvadeessoseveess aS AAS Dasylabris F
99
Eye with setae, sometimes setae rare and only visible under large magnification.
(Subfamily Myrmosınae). sn een 2
Eye without Se NA nee mt dan 4
Flagellomere III angulate anterad (Fig. 10). — Head behind eyes elongated. Pronotum
wider than propodeum. 5.0-9.0 mm...................... 4 Paramyrmosa brunnipes (LEPELETIER)
Flagellomere M cylindrical nee ee rue ea 3

Head behind eye not elongated, convergented (Fig. 12). Flagellomere I equal in length
to flagellomere II or shorter. Tergum I with brownish-red cuticular band. 3.0-8.0 mm .......
CDM T eroe rrr Pp S 3 Myrmosa atra PANZER

Head behind eye elongated (Fig. 11). Flagellomere I slightly longer than flagellomere
II. Tergum I usually with ivory cuticular band .......................................... Krombeinella A

Mesopleuron concave. (Fig. 39). Mesosoma not wider than head...................................... 5
Mesopleuron convex. (Fig. 38). Mesosoma wider than head... 14

1510

Usually head shape modified; head elongated behind eyes and remarkably wider than
pronotum. Mesopleural suture ends at mid spiracle tubercle. (Subfamily Myrmillinae) ... .6
Usually head shape not modified or head weakly wider than pronotum. Mesopleural
suture ends at anterior spiracle (Fig. 40). (Subfamily Mutillinae) ....................................-
Tergum II laterally longitudinally swollen. Head width less than head length; head
beneath concave with lateral longitudinal carina. Forecoxa apically with obtuse
tubercle. 10.0-16.0 mm.................................. 10 Platymyrmilla quinquefaciata (OLIVIER)

Tergum II laterally not swollen. Head width more than head length; head beneath
weakly convex without lateral longitudinal carina. Forecoxa apıcally without tubercle.......

rc 4 Myrmilla B
Tergum II without basal spots of pale pubescence. (Tribe Mutillini) ............................. 8
Tergum II usually with one, two or three basal pale spots disposed transversally............ 10

Metasomal segment I extremely short, without dorsal surface (Fig. 50). 7.5-15.0 mm........
"CEREREM 14 Tropidotilla litoralis (PETAGNA)

Metasomal segment with dorsal surface as long as 2/3 scape length, right-angled at
anterior surface (F1g:49).« ee we cadi ee

Mandible tridentate. Tergum VI without pysidial area. Band of pale pubescence on
Tergum II with medial emargination or divided into two spots............................ Mutilla C

Mandible bidentate. Tergum VI with pygidial area. Band of pale pubescence on
Tergum IT with two emarginations or divided into three spots. 9.0-16.0 mm.......................
NS — 13 Ronisia brutia (PETAGNA)

Tergum II with one or three basal spots of pale pubescence disposed transversally.
(IHDO SmiCF ODIVEBIIID) een nn nn nur 11

Tergum II with two basal spots of pale pubescence disposed transversally...................... 13

Pygidial area narrowed basally and closed laterally, with long setae (Fig. 41). Scutellar
scale well developed, nail-liKée ............. neun... Physetopoda D

Pygidial area with more or less parallel lateral sides or widened basally (Figs 42, 43).
Scutellar scale less developed... nennen een neh 12

Pygidial area short-oval (Fig. 44). 5.0-15.0 mm.................... 15 Nemka viduata (PALLAS)

Pygidial area elongated, with parallel sides, or widened basally (Figs 42, 43)......... e:
de du au Mu MAE tu M UM MEE Smicromyrme E

Mesosoma broadest in pronotum or pronotal and propodeal width equal. Pygidial area
usually weakly developed. (Tribe Petersenidiini). 6.0-11.0 mm...
De HT 30 Artiotilla biguttata (COSTA)

Mesosoma definitely broadest in propodeum. Pygidial area usually well developed.
(Tribe Trogaspidiini). 7.0-12.0-mm.......................... 31 Trogaspidia catanensis (ROSSI)

Eye hemispherical (Fig. 8). (Subfamily Sphaeropthalminae). 4.0-7.0 mm...........................
n TT 32 Cystomutilla ruficeps (SMITH)

Eye flattened, oval (Fig. 51). (Subfamily Dasylabrinae)................................... Dasylabris F

A. Key to species of Krombeinella

86

Fore coxa with spur. 6.0-6.2 mm............................ 1 Krombeinella longicollis (FOURNIER)
Fore coxa without spur. 5.0-8.0 mm........................ 2 Krombeinella thoracica (FABRICIUS)

99

Humeral pronotal corner without denticle. Head sparsely punctured, shiny. 4.5-6.0 mm ....
——— —— — — DER 2 Krombeinella thoracica (FABRICIUS)

1511

- ....Humeral pronotal corner with denticle. Head densely punctured, less shiny. 5.0-
3.5 DIN ee Re l Krombeinella longicollis (TOURNIER)

B. Key to species of Myrmilla

od
Fully winged. (Subgenus Myrmilla WESMAEL 1852)... 2
Apterous or subapterous. (Subgenus Pseudomutilla COSTA 1885)... 3

Inner border of mandible without subbasal denticle. — Sternum II without medial
carina, hypopygium with lateral longitudinal carina. Clypeus concave, anterior border
with two denticles. 9.0-12.0 mm.................... 6 Myrmilla (M.) erythrocephala (LATREILLE)

Inner border of mandible with subbasal denticle. — Sternum II and hypopygium with
medial longitudinal carina. Anterior border of clypeus with medial acuminated process.

3.01.5 nm. ee ee 5 Myrmilla (M.) calva (VILLERS)
Terga IV-VI with black setae. 5.0-10.0 mm .................... 7 Myrmilla (P.) capitata (LUCAS)
hea TV eV | WIR pale setae na ee 4
Hypostomal carina with two long narrow processes (often lacking in dry specimens).
Inner border of mandible without subbasal denticle. 4.0-7.0 mm...
pc" 8 Myrmilla (P.) glabrata (FABRICIUS)
Hypostomal carina without processes. Inner border of mandible with subbasal denticle.
AS oJ OTM o eoe OD NEA OUR dr ends 9 Myrmilla (P.) vutshetitshi SKORIKOV
99
Sternum ] with process or high carina. Mandible widened apically. (Subgenus
Myrmilla WESMAEE. 1852) na o Hane etr Ecclesi iMi ee E E NU Cu eut 2

Sternum Į without process or carina. Mandible acuminated or slightly widened
apically. -Antennal tubercle usually without acuminated denticles. Terga IV and V
usually with sparse pale setae. (Subgenus Pseudomutilla COSTA 1885)... 3

Lateral process of tergum I long wing-like, curved posterad. Tubercles between

antennal socket small, rounded ferruginous-red. 4.0-10.0 mm...
ee 5 Myrmilla (M.) calva (VILLERS)

Lateral pe of tergum I short, pointed, not curved posterad. Tubercles between
antenna! socket large, triangular black. 5.0-15.0 mm...
RS E ne MIT Le Land ust T caste Hits 6 Myrmilla (M.) erythrocephala (LATREILLE)

Inner border of mandible with subbasal denticle 0.0.00... ccc eccceecessceeneeseeeeesteeeesaresernees 4
Terga IV and V with black setae. 5.0-T0. 0 mim ass san
PEOTI E IAEE Fr rr 7 Myrmilla (P.) capitata (LUCAS)
Terga IV and V with pale setae. 4.0-7.0 mm ........... 9 Myrmilla (P.) vutshetitshi SKORIKOV

C. Key to species of Mutilla

óó

Body setae short and straight (not wool-like). Legs with black setae. 11.0-17.0 mm...........
muc sc A SM cuisse MI DEED NE ET 11 Mutilla europaea LINNAEUS

1512

- Body setae long wool-like. Legs with pale setae. 11.0-15.0 mm...
TR see 12 Mutilla marginata BAER

99

1 Body setae short straight (not wool-like). Mesosoma 1.2-1.3 x distance between medial
spiracles. — Head 1.0-1.2 x mesosomal width. Tergum VI with pale lateral setae. 10.0-

20.0 Iwein 11 Mutilla europaea LINNAEUS
- Body setae long wool-like. Mesosoma 1.7-1.8 times distance between medial spiracles.
10-14. 0 mM. ee 12 Mutilla marginata BAER

D. Key to species of Physetopoda

ó ő (unknown for Physetopoda pusilla and Ph. sericeiceps)

| Ocelli large, diameter of anterior ocellus equal or larger than distance between them
and posterior One ame inte ee sue rea i T A tes 2

- Ocelli small, diameter of anterior ocellus much less than distance between them and
DOSIÉTIDE OG oeconomia dran pt een le tu ee ees a putet iai ee UR E ii rA

2 Clypeus with medial carina 0.5 x clypeal length and two preapical well developed

denticles (Fig. 48). 7.0-13.5 mm... 19 Physetopoda lucasii (SMITH)
- Clypeus with medial carina 0.3 x clypeal length and two preapical tubercles (Fig. 47).
5.9510 (MN. ea 18 Physetopoda halensis (FABRICIUS)

3 o of genitalia with setae length more or less equal to volsella length (Fig.
l

RAR DR D D D RO ER POET A DR SR Nm EU AHA TEE DOREEN TEE RT ET TER ne

RAR ER D D RO D D NO EERE nn en nn nd HOOP EE OER ERE EHH O KD

4 Clypeus without medial basal carina and transverse shiny band (Fig. 36). - Mesosoma
black with ferruginous-red mesoscutellum, tegulae and metanotum. 5.5-10.0 mm..............
Tre d 22 Physetopoda scutellaris (LATREILLE)

“ -^ Clypeus with medial basal carina and transverse shiny band (Fig. 35). — Head height
somewhat less than head width. Postocellar line 0.6 x ocellocular line. Colour of
mesosoma varies from black all over (except red tegulae) to ferruginous-red all over
(except black mesopleurae). 7.0-9.0 mm ...................... 16 Physetopoda cingulata (COSTA)

5 Pronotum and apical metasomal fringe with black setae. 9.0-14.0 mm...
—— ———— MÁ—— (MÀ 20 Physetopoda punctata (LATREILLE)

- Pronotum and apical metasomal fringe with pale setae. 5.0-10.0 mm...
Beer EE c see 17 Physetopoda daghestanica (RADOSZKOWSKI)

Females (unknown for Physetopoda cingulata and Ph. daghestanica)

| Tergum II with apical medial pale spot and 3 basal pale spots... 2
- Tergum II with apical more or less wide pale band and 1 or 3 basal pale spots ................. 4

2 Lateral basal spots of tergum II very large, distance between them and medial one less
than diameter of medial spot. Mesosoma ferruginous-red to black (f. melanothorax).
Larger: 8.0-10.0 mms. 20 Physetopoda punctata (LATREILLE)

- Lateral basal spots of tergum II small, distance between them and medial one more
than diameter of medial spot. Mesosoma ferruginous-red. Smaller: 4.0-9.5 mm ............... 3

3 Basal half of pygidial area with irregular longitudinal rugae (Fig. 41). Frons without
pale Spot: 4:0-6.5 MM irren ene a Edad 18 Physetopoda halensis (FABRICIUS)

1513

Basal half of pygidial area with irregular transverse rugae. Frons with small spot of
greyish setae. 4.0-9.5 mm... 00000000 19 Physetopoda lucasii (SMITH)

Tergum II longer, length more or less equals with its width. Tergum II with weak basal
lateral pale spots. 4.5-6.0 mm... 21 Physetopoda pusilla (KLUG)

Tergum II shorter, length 0.85-0.9 its width. Tergum II without lateral pale spots ............ 5

Frons and vertex with black setae sometimes mixed with sparse pale setae on vertex.
Medial length of band on gastral tergum 2 0.5-0.7 length of band on tergum III. 4.0-7.0

D EA T en pn nd 22 Physetopoda scutellaris (LATREILLE)
Frons and vertex with dense pale setae. Medial length of band on gastral tergum II
equal length of band on tergum IIT. 3.5-6.5 mm... 23 Physetopoda sericeiceps ANDRÉ

E. Key to species of Smicromyrme

3 d (unknown for Smicromyrme triangularis)

Mandible beneath without subbasal tooth. (Subgenus Astomyrme SCHWARTZ 1984).
O OLOO I ne RR i ete Po de eas 24 Smicromyrme (A.) ausonia INVREA

Mandible beneath with well-developed subbasal tooth (Fig. 18)... 2

Mandible tridentate (Fig. 37). Clypeus concave. (Subgenus Erimyrme LELEJ 1985). 4.5-
LOO TAM sy ree ONERE dima 27 Smicromyrme (E.) sicana (DE STEFANI)

Mandible bidentate (Fig. 34). Clypeus more or less flatten ….......................................... 3

Clypeus without preapical denticles (Fig. 52). (Subgenus Eremotilla LELEJ 1985). —
Metasoma with fringe of dense pale setae on tergum II and pale band on terga IJ] and
IV. Ocelli small, postocellar line less than ocellocular line. Mesosoma ferruginous-red
with black tegulae, lower part of mesopleuron and coxae, 7.0-10.0 mm...
Tre PR 25 Smicromyrme (E.) ingauna INVREA

Clypeus with two preapical teeth or denticles (Fig. 34). (Subgenus Smicromyrme
THOMSON TS 1.0 D P ——————— elie —— HO
Length of tergum I less than its maximum width. Mesosoma black with ferruginous-red
mesoscutum, tegulae and propodeum, often pronotum, mesoscutellum and upper part
of mesopleuron ferruginous-red. 3.5-8.5 mm...

Length of tergum I more than its maximum width. Mesosoma black with ferruginous-
red pronotum, mesoscutum, tegulae and mesoscutellum, sometimes mesosoma all black
(niera). 3010 (mm. 29 Smicromyrme (S.) rufipes (FABRICIUS)

99

Pygidial area triangular, widened basally (Fig. 42). (Subgenus Eremotilla LELEJ) 1985).
— Tergum Il with three basal pale spots... 2

Pygidial area elongated, very often with more or less parallel sides (Fig. 43).................... 3

Pronotum weakly wider than propodeum. Head black. Antennae brown, basal
flagellomeres brownish-red beneath. Legs castaneous with fulvous tarsi. 5.0-8.0 mm.........
T —Ó—————— —— € 26 Smicromyrme (E.) triangularis (RADOSZKOWSKI)

Pronotum evidently wider than propodeum. Head castaneous ferruginous-red beneath,
with indistinct brownish-red spot on vertex. Antenna and legs ferruginous-red. —
Scutellar scale well developed elevated. Posterior propodeal face with dense black
setae oriented to scutellar scale. 6.0-9.0 mm ........... 25 Smicromyrme (E.) ingauna INVREA

Pygidial area sculptured throughout including apical part. (Subgenus Smicromyrme
jeter

Pygidial area with apical fourth or fifth not sculptured, shiny. (Subgenera Astomyrme
SCHWARTZ 1984 and Erimyrme LELEJ 1985). — Tergum JJ with three basal pale spots....... 5

1514

4 Scutellar scale narrow. Prescutellar row of tubercles scarcely visible. Striae of pygidial
area divergent especially apically. 2.25-4.8 mm... unu ee

9899424494 HAE E REHEAT HEHE SEHR HEHE HERE ETE EH EEE DEE EEE RAP OF ETF ET ET ET En"

- Scutellar scale wide. Prescutellar row of tubercles well developed. Striae of pygidial
area parallel. 3.0-7.0 mm... 29 Smicromyrme (S.) rufipes (FABRICIUS)

5 Tergum II with arcuate lateral sides. Mesosoma with arcuate anterior border and
rounded anterior and posterior angles, dorsum weakly convex with sparse black setae
and pale lateral spots on mesoscutum and propodeum. 3.0-5.0 mm...
mc RN 27 Smicromyrme (E.) sicana (DE STEFANI)

- Tergum II with weakly rounded lateral sides. Mesosoma rectangle, dorsum plane with
sparse golden setae. 3.0-6.0 mm ............................... 24 Smicromyrme (A.) ausonia INVREA

F. Key to species of Dasylabris

3d

| Mandible beneath with strong subbasal tooth (Fig. 2 SUPER Inbaltilla LELEJ
1976). Body black without any pale setae (Fig. 28). 5.5-9.0 mm...
"nv Pit TURN NES 34 Dasvlabis (I.) regalis (FABRICIUS)

- Mandible beneath with weak subbasal lobe (Fig. 14). (Subgenus Dasylabris
RADOSZKOWSKI 1985). Metasoma with pale spots and bands (Fig. 27).............................. 2

2 Pronotum all red. Frons and vertex with some short inconspicuous white setae. 10.0-
15:0 FIEL ns esse 33b Dasylabris (D.) maura maura (LINNAEUS)

- Pronotum partly or all black. Frons and vertex without short white setae ............................
"eco ETHER 33a Dasylabris (D.) maura clausa (LEPELETIER)

99

| Lateral carina of pygidial area widened posterad likes wide MADE Fig. 45).
(Subgenus /nbaltilla LELEJ 1976). — Tergum II with apical pale band (Fig. 26). 6.0-9.0
i UPC NC pP 34 Dasylabris (1) Le (FABRICIUS)

- Lateral carina of pygidial area not widened posterad (Fig. 46). (Subgenus Dasylabris
RADOSZKOWSKI 1985). — Tergum IJ] with 2 apical pale spots disposed transversally (Fig.
25)

PRPS ».WRV T9 Whb447294929294a99424€0v««v02«9«v99»".napobnat9UTéHn9téviüváAveenmnemtvanbpatMeHaeb»a4eoaaueoqihtóótoeneseveasaóoqsstaadootasBttetéviprseaodotmnaanateasu»e

2 Frons with transverse band of white pubescence which usually touch eyes. 7.0-13.0
IPTE HP 33b Dasylabris (D.) maura maura (LINNAEUS)

- Frons with subcircular spot of white pubescence which not touch eyes...
"eT EP MS 33a Dasylabris (D.) maura clausa (LEPELETIER)

Deutscher Bestimmungsschlüssel

Für die Determination sollten die Tiere so prápariert werden, dass die folgenden Kór-
perteile gut sichtbar sind: geóffnete Mandibeln und eine freier Clypeus bei den Männ-
chen und Weibchen, ein gut sichtbares Pygidialfeld bei den Weibchen, die Seitenfurchen
der Männchen an Tergum II und Sternum II (besonders bei Smicromyrme und
Physetopoda). Für die Determination der Mànnchen von Smicromyrme und Physetopoda
muss auch das Genital untersucht werden.

Mutilliden werden standardmäßig durch den Thorax genadelt. Sehr kleine Weibchen
(z.B. Smicromyrme, Physetopoda oder Myrmosinae) kónnen auch auf dreieckige Kar-

1515

tonplättchen aufgeklebt werden. Hierbei ist zu empfehlen, die Tiere seitlich auf eine
Thoraxseite zu kleben, damit auch dıe Thoraxunterseite und die Bauchsegmente unter-
sucht werden können.

Die hier verwendete Terminologie folgt LELEJ (2002) und anderen Autoren. Für die
meisten Bezeichnungen der Körperteile werden die wissenschaftlichen Bezeichnungen
belassen, also keine deutschen Begriffe gewählt. Die ,felt lines’ an den Seiten der Sterna
und Terga der Männchen werden mit ‚Seitenfurchen’ übersetzt. Es handelt sich um
leistenförmige Längsstrukturen unbekannter Funktion, die zum Teil mit kleine Borsten
bestanden sind. Der Begriff ‘Mesoso ma’ bezeichnet das Brustteil (Thorax und
Propodeum).

Der erste Schlüssel führt zu den Unterfamilien und Gattungen. Gattungen mit nur einer
Art in Mitteleuropa sind bereits in diesem Schlüssel aufgeführt. Die folgenden Schlüssel
(A-F) behandeln die Gattungen mit zwei oder mehr Arten in Mitteleuropa. Um die Ori-
entierung zu erleichtern, sind alle Arten ohne Berücksichtigung ihrer verwandtschaftli-
chen Verhältnisse durchnummeriert. Die Nummerierung stimmt mit der in Tab. 1 über-
ein. Weitere Informationen über die verwandschaftlichen Beziehungen der Mutilliden-
gattungen und -unterfamilien finden sich bei LELEJ & NEMKOV (1997).

Jede Art ist nachfolgend im speziellen Teil (nur in englischer Sprache) kurz beschrieben.
Dabei werden Merkmale, die bereits im Schlüssel erwähnt sind, nicht mehr aufgeführt.
Merkmale im Schlüssel, die nach dem Gedankenstrich genannt werden, sind ergänzend
und dienen nicht als Schlüsselalternativen.

Schlüssel zu den Unterfamilien und Gattungen

3d

| Flügellos oder stummelflügelig (Unterfamilie Myrmillinae).............................. Myrmilla B
2. Tiuselvolistindig eut WICKe |f oram nent ire 2

2 Hinterleibssegment II ohne Seitenfurchen auf dem Tergum oder Sternum. Augen behaart,
Haare manchmal nur unter großer Vergrößerung sichtbar. Adern des Vorderflügels
berühren den äußeren Flügelrand (Unterfamilie Myrmosinae).......................................... 3

- Hinterleibssegment II mit Seitenfurchen auf dem Tergum oder Sternum (Fig. 1). Augen
unbehaart. Adern des Vorderflügels berühren nicht den äußeren Flügelrand..................... 5

3 Tergum VII seitlich mit Zahn (Fig. 2). Mesosoma teilweise rot............... Krombeinella A
- Tergum VII seitlich ohne Zahn (Fig. 3). Mesosoma schwarz.................................. 4

4 Tergum VII mit Längsfurche, am Ende ausgerandet (Fig. 4). Innenrand der Mandibel mit
drei Zähnen, basaler Zahn vergrößert. Sternum II an der Basis in der Mitte mit Tuberkel.
SO SM E TT 3 Myrmosa atra PANZER

- Tergum VII ohne Längsfurche, am Ende gerundet (Fig. 5). Innrand der Mandibel mit
zwei Zähnen, basaler Zahn nicht vergrößert. Stemum II ohne Tuberkel. 4.5-10.0 mm........
"TT 4 Paramyrmosa brunnipes (LEPELETIER)

5 Innerer Augenrand tief ausgerandet (Fig. 6), falls Ausrandung weniger tief (einige
Mutillini), dann Tegula verkürzt. (Unterfamilie Mutillinae) sese 6

- Innerer Augenrand gerade (Fig. 7)... ATTE 13

6 Tegula lang, über die scuto-scutellare Furche hinaus nach hinten verlängert (Fig. 20), falls
kürzer, ist die Augenausrandung schwach. Mandibel ohne Basalzahn oder mit gerundetem
vum ini) der Unterseite (Fig. 15). Metasomalsegment | mehr oder weniger quer. (Tribus
Müutillini) sete ects pew cis oxen se trate eats Da ee eher 7

1516

Tegula normalerweise nicht über die scuto-scutellare Furche hinaus verlängert (Fig. ri
Normalerweise Mandibel auf der Unterseite mit Basalzahn oder Basallobus (Fig. 16
Metasomalsegment I anders, nie quer........................................................... eere
Terga II und III ohne helles Band oder helle Flecke, höchstens mit hellen Fransen am
Endrand. 9.0-18.0 mm... 14 Tropidotilla litoralis (PETAGNA)
Terga H und III mit hellem Band oder hellen Flecken................................ sess 8

Helles Band auf Tergum Il in der Mitte ausgerandet oder vollstándig unterbrochen. Terga
mit blauem oder violettem Schimmer. Mandibel am Ende dreizähnig (Fig. 17) ..................

Helles Band auf Tergum II zweimal ausgerandet oder in drei Flecke geteilt. Terga
schwarz, ohne metallischen Schimmer. Mandibel am Ende zweizähnig. 8.0-16.0 mm........
HD o PCM 13 Ronisia brutia (PETAGNA)

Costalader (ST) zwischen Einmündung der Radialader I (RS) und dem Pterostigma (ST)
etwa 2 x so lang wie der Durchmesser des Pterostigmas (Fig. 21). Fühlergeisselglied I
1.5-2.0 x kürzer als Fühlergeisselglied H (Fig. 23). (Tribus Smicromyrmini).............. 10

Costalader (ST) zwischen Einmündung der Radialader I (RS) und dem Pterostigma (ST)
etwa so lang wie der Durchmesser des Pterostigmas (Fig. 22). Fühlergeisselglied I etwa so
2

lang wie Fühlergeisselglied II (Fig. 24)... |

Sternum HH seitlich ohne Seitenfurchen (Fig. 9)... Physetopoda D
Sternum II seitlich mit kurzen Seitenfurchen, manchmal reduziert zu einigen Punkten.
(oe We ee ee 11

Mesosternum mit spitzem Höcker vor den Coxen Il. Volsella basal mit externem Lobus
und langen, schmalen Cuspis, Basivolsella mit sehr langen Haaren (Fig. 30). — Mandibel
an der Spitze breiter als in der Mitte, dreizáhnig, der mittlere Zahn ist der kürzeste (Fig.
161:3:0-19. 0 TOED 2er 15 Nemka viduata (PALLAS)

Mesosternum dort ohne Hócker. Volsella ohne Lobus und langem Cuspis, Basivolsella
mit kurzen oder ohne Haare. (Fig. 29). — Mandibel an der Spitze schmal, zwei oder
dreizalinig- (Figs 34s 3 d esee A diqet EAE A Smicromyrme E
Penisvalve symmetrisch. Mesoscutellum gewólbt, normalerweise ohne MittelkielStemum

VIII normalerweise ohne seitliche Kiele (Tribus Petersenidiini). 7.0-12.0 mm ...................
TN 30 Artiotilla biguttata (COSTA)

Penisvalve mehr oder weniger assymmetrisch. Mesoscutellum flach, normalerweiswe mit
Mittelkiel oder schmaler, glatter Linie. Sternum VHE normalerweise mit zwei seitlichen
Kielen (Tribus Trogaspidiini). 11.5-15.0 mm................ 31 Trogaspidia catanensis (ROSSI)
Metasomalsegment I nach hinten nicht verengt. Gonostyli nach unten gebogen.
(Unterfamilie M VEDUIHEIBO). supe een see 14
Metasomalsegment I nach hinten verengt. (Figs 27, 28). Gonostyli gerade oder nach oben
Pid in | ee ee OH CC a a ee 15
Tergum II seitlich längs verdickt. Sternum II mit extrem a Mittelkiel, überragt den
hinteren Rand des Sternum. 10.0-15.0 mm... 10 Platymyrmilla quinquefaciata (OLIVIER)
Tergum II seitlich normal. Sternum II höchstens mit einem kurzen Mittelkiel.....................

»e*tenumasaoqaoadqóétbvusvovnbsnaaeosateótéótóenóneéantubnaasathtqetoov95 vbnenatsuaeoogótvióepnvnuanaeqóhkmeentothtstuygttebotatataqaeoawtAtéuprsiaocnaaso

Augen halbrund (hemisphärisch) (Fig. 8) Gonostyli stark nach oben gebogen.
(Unterfamilie Sphaeropthalminae). 6.0-12.0 mm .......... 32 Cystomutilla ruficeps (SMITH)

Augen schwach convex, oval (Fig. 7). Gonostyli gerade oder an der Spitze schwach nach
oben gebogen (Unterfamilie Dasylabrinae) .…................................................. Dasylabris F

99

Augen behaart, Haare manchmal sehr zerstreut und nur unter hoher Vergrößerung
sichbar. (Unterfamilie Myrmosinae) u.a ae 2

Aupen unbe haalt Senne niet dont es 4

1517

Fühlergeisselglied III deutlich ausgerandet (Fig. 10). — Kopf hinter den Augen verlängert.
Pronotum breiter als Propodeum. 5.0-9.0 mm......4 Paramyrmosa brunnipes (LEPELETIER)

Fühlergeisselglied II] im Querschnitt kreisrund, ohne Ausrandung .............................. 3

Kopf hinter den Augen sofort verschmälert (Fig. 12). Fühlergeisselglied I so lang wie
Fühlergeisselglied If oder kürzer. Tergum I mit rotbraunem Cuticularband. 3.0-8.0 mm.
ee EAIA PE ee nl ON ET 3 Myrmosa atra PANZER

Kopf hinter den Augen verlängert (Fig. 11). Fühlergeisselglied I etwas länger als
Fühlergeisselglied II. Tergum I normalerweise mit elfenbeinfarbenem Band ......................
"PTT EN Krombeinella A.

Mesopleuron konkav (ausgehöhlt). (Fig. 39). Mesosoma nicht breiter als der Kopf.......... 5
Mesopleuron konvex. (Fig. 38). Mesosoma breiter als der Kopf............................... 14

Kopfform normalerweise modifiziert: Kopf hinter den Augen verlängert, deutlich breiter
als das Pronotum. Mesopleuralfurche endet am mittleren Spirakel (m.sp, fig. d
(Unterfamilie Myanillnae).. es: causes leet tese Nes pe ERE

Kopfform nicht modifiziert, oder Kopf nur wenig breiter als das b
Mesopleuralfurche endet am vorderen Spirakel (a.sp. Fig. 40). (Unterfamilie Mutillinae) 7
Tergum II seitlich mit Langsschwellung. Kopf schmaler als lang; POPUUUCISMIE konkav
mit seitlicher Längsfurche. Forecoxa hinten mit Höcker. 10.0-16.0 mm...
Mr Hr E 10 Platymyrmilla punike aciei (OLIVIER)

Tergum II seitlich flach. Kopf breiter als lang; Kopfunterseite nur schwach konkav ohne

Längsfurche. Forecoxa ohne Höcker ..............:sssccsscesssreetscessecverscersneneesscsens 4 Myrmilla B
Tergum II ohne helle Flecke. (Tribus Mutillini) .................. een 8
Tergum II mit einem bis drei hellen Flecken, die in einer Querreihe liegen..................... 10

Metasomalsegment I extrem kurz, ohne horizontale Fläche (Fig. 50). 7.5-15.0 mm............
n "-——— —— —— — 14 Tropidotilla litoralis (PETAGNA)

Metasomalsegment I mit horizontaler Fläche, die 2/3 so lang wie der Scapus ist,

rechtwinklig zur vorderen Fläche abgeknickt (Fig. 49)... 9
Mandibel dreizáhnig. Tergum VI ohne Pygidialfeld. Helles Band auf Tergum II in der
Mitte eingebuchtet oder in zwei Flecke geteilt ........................eseseseeeees Mutilla C

Mandibel zweizáhnig. orm VI mit Pygidialfeld. Helles Band auf Tergum II zweimal
eingebuchtet oder in drei Flecke geteilt. 9.0- 16.0 mm....... 13 Ronisia brutia (PETAGNA)

Tergum [I mit einem oder drei queren Flecken (Tribus Smicromyrmini)..................... 11
Tergum H mit zwei gueren Flecken... naar 13
Pygidialfeld an der Basis verschmälert, seitlich geschlossen, mit langen Haaren (Fig. 41).
Scutellarschuppe deutlich entwickelt, nagel-artig................... nee Physetopoda D

Pygidialfeld mit mehr oder weniger parallelen Seiten oder basal verbreitet. (Figs 42, iU
Scutellarschuppe schwach entwickelt.............................. eese eee eene

Pygidialfeld kurz-oval (Fig. 44). 5.0-15.0 mm ...................... 15 Nemka viduata PM
Pygidialfeld verlängert, mit parallelen Seiten oder basal verbreitet (Figs 42, 43) ................
doter tenait ace cop e eM daas Smicromyrme E

Mesosoma am breitesten auf Hóhe des Pronotum oder Pronotum und Propodeum gleich
breit. Pygidialfeld schwach entwickelt (Tribus Petersenidiini). 6.0-11.0 mm.....................
poor epum TM rU RUPES 30 Artiotilla biguttata (COSTA)
Mesosoma am breitesten auf Hóhe des Propodeum. Pygidialfeld deutlich entwickelt.
(Tribus Trogaspidiini). 7.0-12.0 mm......................... 31 Trogaspidia catanensis (ROSSI)
Auge halbrund (hemisphärisch) (Fig. i (Unterfamilie Sphaeropthalminae). 4.0-7.0 mm..

TEE 32 Cystomutilla ruficeps (SMITH)

Auge abgeflacht, oval (Fig. 51). (Unterfamilie Dasylabrinae).......................... Dasylabris F

1518

A. Schlüssel für die Arten von Krombeinella

dd
Vordercoxa mit langem Sporn. 6.0-6.2 mm............ | Krombeinella longicollis (TOURNIER)
Vordercoxa ohne Sporn. 5.0-8.0 mm...................... .2 Krombeinella thoracica (FABRICIUS)
99
Ecke des Humeraltuberkel am Pronotum ohne Zähnchen. Kopf zerstreut punktiert,
glänzend. 4.5-6.0 mm... 2 Krombeinella thoracica (FABRICIUS)
Ecke des Humeraltuberkel am Pronotum mit Zähnchen. Kopf dicht punktiert, etwas matt.
50:55 TAM eee se abt iis | Krombeinella longicollis (TOURNIER)

B. Schlüssel für die Arten von Myrmilla

86
Flügel vollständig. (Untergattung Myrmilla WESMAEL 1852)... 2
Flügellos oder stummelflügelig. (Untergattung Pseudomutilla COSTA 1885) .................... 3

Innenrand der Mandibel ohne Zahn nahe der Basis. — Sternum H ohne Mittelkiel,
Hypopygium mit seitlichem Längskiel. Clypeus konkav, Vorderrand mit zwei Zühnchen.
9.0.12 I THE cedido nee 6 Myrmilla (M.) erythrocephala (LATREILLE)

Innenrand der Mandibel mit Zahn nahe der Basis. - Sternum II und Hypopygium mit
seitlichem Längskiel. Vorderrand des Clypeus mit zugespitzem Fortsatz. 5.0-7.5 mm........
"c 5 Myrmilla (M.) calva (VILLERS)

Terga IV-VI mit schwarzen Haaren. 5.0-10.0 mm........... 7 Myrmilla (P.) capitata (LUCAS)
Terga IV «VI fit hellen Haaren. 2... sank up 4

Hypostomalkante mit zwei langen, schmalen Fortsätzen. (fehlen oft bei getrockneten
Tieren). Innenrand der Mandibel ohne Zahn nahe der Basis. 4.0-7.0 mm...........................
"oer pU pace en 8 Myrmilla (P.) glabrata (FABRICIUS)

Hypostomalkante ohne Fortsátze. Innenrand der Mandibel mit Zahn nahe der Basis. 4.5-
1.0 DITE oce abet dn A E eid ies 9 Myrmilla (P.) vutshetitshi SKORIKOV

99

Sternum I mit Fortsatz oder hohem Kiel. Mandibel am Ende verbreitert. (Untergattung
Myrmilla/WESMAEL 189 2a ee iex t nana teen TURA a nee à

Sternum I flach. Mandibel am Ende zugespitzt oder hóchstens schwach verbreitet. —
Antennenhócker normalerweise ohne zugespitze Zàhnchen. Terga IV und
normalerweise mit spárlichen hellen Haaren. (Untergattung Pseudomutilla COSTA 1885)...

ea*saofbbtb9evótdeetenaaéóéhuoies eee eer ee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee ee eee eee ee ee eee eee eee ee Per eee eee eee eee ee eee eee ee eee eee eee

Seitlicher Fortsatz des Tergum I lang, flügelartig, seitlich gebogen. Höcker zwischen den
Fühlerbasen klein, abgerundet und rot. 4.0-10.0 mm ....... 5 Myrmilla (M.) calva (VILLERS)

Seitlicher Fortsatz des Tergum 1 kurz, zugesitzt, nicht gebogen. Hócker zwischen den

Fühlerbasen groß, dreieckig und schwarz. 5.0-15.0 mm...
rd MTM ERE 6 Myrmilla (M.) erythrocephala (LATREILLE)

1519

C. Schlüssel für die Arten von Mutilla

86

Körperhaare kurz und gerade. Beine mit schwarzen Haaren. 11.0-17.0 mm........................
——Á——MÁ— et E cal Eee 1] Mutilla europaea LINNAEUS

Körperhaare lang und gebogen, erinnern an Wolle. Beine mit hellen Haaren. 11.0-15.0
DI ee An 12 Mutilla marginata BAER

99

Kórperhaare kurz und gerade. Mesosoma 1.2-1.3 x so lang wie zwischen den mittleren
Spirakeln breit. — Kopf 1.0-1.2 x breit wie Mesosoma. Tergum VI seitlich mit hellen

Haaren. 10-0226: 0... eed ito ce Pre itae 11 Mutilla europaea LINNAEUS
Kórperhaare lang und gebogen, erinnern an Wolle. Mesosoma 1.7-1.8 x so lang wie
zwischen den mittleren Spirakeln breit. 11.0-14.0 mm............. 12 Mutilla marginata BAER

D. Schlüssel für die Arten von P/tysetopoda

ó & (die Männchen von Physetopoda pusilla und Ph. sericeiceps sind unbekannt)

Ocellen groß, der Durchmesser des vorderen Ocellus ist gleichlang oder größer als die
Entfernung zwischen ihm und dem Seitenocellus..…........................................ 2

Ocellen klein, der Durchmesser des vorderen Ocellus ist sehr viel kleiner als die
Entfernung zwischen ihm und dem Seitenocelllus ............................... esses E

Clypeus mit Mittelkiel auf 0.5 x seiner Länge und mit zwei deutlich entwickelten
Zähnchen im vorderen Bereich (Fig. 48). 7.0-13.5 mm..... 19 Physetopoda lucasii (SMITH)

Clypeus mit Mittelkiel auf 0.5 x seiner Lánge und mit zwei kleineren Záhnchen (Fig. 47).
3:9 10:0 Dies. nase see 18 Physetopoda halensis (FABRICIUS)

Basivolsella des Genitals mit Haaren, die etwa so lang wie die Volsella sind (Fig. 31).....4

oo des Genitals mit Haaren, die deutlich langer als die Volsella sind (Fig. 32,
UC Ee 5

Clypeus ohne Mittelkiel und ohne glänzendes Querband (Fig. 36). - Mesosoma schwarz,
rot sind Mesoscutellum, Tegula und Metanotum. 5.5-10.0 mm...
TT tert vim tes bre dudas 22 Physetopoda scutellaris (LATREILLE)

Clypeus mit basalem Mittelkiel und mit glánzendem Querband (Fig. 35). — Kopf etwas
weniger hoch als breit. Farbe des Mesosoma variiert von schwarz mit roter Tegula bis hin
zu vollständig rot mit schwarzem Mesopleuron. 7.0-9.0 mm...
PT 16 Physetopoda cingulata (COSTA)

1520

9 9 (die Weibchen von Physetopoda cingulata und Ph. daghestanica sind unbekannt)

Tergum II hinten mit hellem Mittelfleck und an der Basis mit drei hellen Flecken............
Tergum II hinten mit einem breitem hellen Band und an der Basis mit einem oder drei
hellen: Flecke me Nenner ul ec sd AN IE EE 4

Seitliche Flecke des Tergum H sehr groß, Entfernung zwischen ihnen und dem Mittelfleck
geringer als Durchmesser des Mittelflecks. Mesosoma rot bis schwarz (f. melanothorax).
Größer: 8.0-10.0 MM ........ 9 rera tete rie 20 Physetopoda punctata (LATREILLE)

Seitliche Flecke des Tergum II klein, Entfernung zwischen ihnen und dem Mittelfleck
größer als Durchmesser des Mittelflecks. Mesosoma rot. Kleiner: 4.0-9.5 mm.................. 3

Basale Hälfte des Pygidialfeldes mit unregelmäßigen längsgerichteten Runzeln. (Fig. 41).
Stirn ohne helle Flecke. 4.0-6.5 mm.......................... 18 Physetopoda halensis (FABRICIUS)

Basale Hälfte des Pygidialfeldes mit unregelmäßigen quergerichteten Runzeln. Stirn mit
kleinen Flecken aus grauen Haaren. 4.0-9.5 mm ............... 19 Physetopoda lucasii (SMITH)

Tergum II so lang wie breit. Tergum II mit schwachen seitlichen hellen Basalflecken. 4.5-
6.0 MM ee esse 21 Physetopoda pusilla (KLUG)

Tergum II kürzer, 0.85-0.9 mal so lange wie breit. Tergum II ohne Seitenflecke...............

Gesicht und Scheitel mit schwarzen Haaren, manchmal durchmischt mit einzelnen hellen
Haaren auf der Stirn. Band auf Tergum II in der Mitte 2 0.5-0.7 mal so lang wie Band auf

Tergumi 1T. 4.0-7.0 mm iod ae 22 Physetopoda scutellaris (LATREILLE)
Gesicht und Scheitel mit dichten hellen Haaren. Band auf Tergum II in der Mitte so lang
wie Band auf Tergum III. 3.5-6.5 mm .......................... 23 Physetopoda sericeiceps ANDRÉ

E. Schlüssel für die Arten von Smicromyrme

3 8 (Smicromyrme triangularis ist unbekannt)

Mandibel auf der Unterseite ohne Zahn nahe der Basis (Untergattung Astomyrme
SCHWARTZ 1984). 6.0-10.0 mm... 24 Smicromyrme (A.) ausonia INVREA

Mandibel auf der Unterseite mit gut entwickeltem Zahn nahe der Basis (Fig. 18)............. 2

Mandibel dreizähnig (Fig. 37). Clypeus konkav. (Untergattung Erimyrme LELEJ 1985).
495 WIM eene nait a 27 Smicromyrme (E.) sicana (DE STEFANI)

Mandibel zweizähnig (Fig. 34). Clypeus abgeflacht..…........................................

Clypeus ohne Záhnchen nahe dem Vorderrand (Fig. 52). (Untergattung Eremotilla LELEJ
1985). — Metasoma mit heller Fransenreihe auf Tergum II und einem hellen Band auf den
Terga III und IV. Ocellen klein. Mesosoma rot, schwarz sind: Tegula, der untere Teil des

Mesopleuron und die Coxen. 7.0-10.0 mm ............ 25 Smicromyrme (E.) ingauna INVREA
Clypeus mit zwei Zähnchen nahe dem Vorderrand (Fig. 34). (Untergattung Smicromyrme
THOMSON I8 70) ciscus vare vehit eroe ts de Deve Ho Spare dun es et rae Dada ar degit Re D dos 4

Tergum I kürzer als seine maximale Breite. Mesosoma schwarz, rot sind: Mesoscutum,
Tegula, Propodeum, oft das Pronotum, Mesoscutellum und der untere Teil des
Mesopleuron. 3.5-8.5 mm... 28 Smicromyrme (S.) ruficollis (F ABRICIUS)

Tergum I länger als seine maximale Breite Mesosoma schwarz, rot sind: Pronotum,
Mesoscutum, Tegula und Mesoscutellum, manchmal ist das Mesosoma vollständig
schwarz (f. nigra). 3.0-10.0 mm.......................... 29 Smicromyrme (S.) rufipes (FABRICIUS)

99

Pygidialfeld aa, basal verbreitert (Fig. 42). (Untergattung Eremotilla LELEJ 1985).
— Tergum II mit drei hellen Basalflecken..….........................................

Pygidialfeld verlängert, oft mit parallelen Seiten Fig. 43)...

152]

Pronotum etwas breiter als das Propodeum. Kopf schwarz. Antenne braun, basale
Fühlergeisselglieder auf der Unterseite rotbraun. Beine kastanienbraun mit gelblichen
Tarsen. 5.0-8.0 mm............................. 26 Smicromyrme (E.) triangularis (RADOSZKOWSKI)

Pronotum deutlich breiter als das Propodeum. Kopf auf der Unterseite kastanienbraun-rot,
mit undeutlichen braunen Flecken auf der Stirn. Antenne und Beine rot. —
Scutellumschuppe deutlich ausgeprägt. Hintere Fläche des Propodeum mit dichten
schwarzen Haaren, die zur Scutellumschuppe gerichet sind. 6.0-9.0 mm ............................
—— ——————— use 25 Smicromyrme (E.) ingauna INVREA

Pygidialfeld vollständig skulpturiert einschliesslich des hinteren Teils. (Untergattung
Omicromyrme THOMSON) un scan aeg Mates Sea aque 4

Pygidialfeld im hinteren Viertel oder Fünftel ohne Skulptur, glänzend. (Untergattungen
Astomyrme SCHWARTZ 1984 und Erimyrme LELEJ 1985). — Tergum II mit drei basalen
HEllEn:Flecken RETE RECTE >

Scutellumschuppe schmal. Zähnchenreihe auf dem vorderen Scutellum kaum sichtbar.
Feine Runzeln auf dem Pygidialfeld divergieren besonders im hinteren Teil. 2.25-4.8 mm
A E ete le ee 28 Smicromyrme (S.) ruficollis (FABRICIUS)

Scutellumschuppe breit. Zähnchenreihe auf dem vorderen Scutellum gut sichtbar. Feine
Runzeln auf dem Pygidialfeld parallel 3.0-7.0 mm...
TR ee ee 29 Smicromyrme (S.) rufipes (FABRICIUS)

Seiten von Tergum II gewinkelt. Mesosoma mit gewinkeltem Vorderrand und gerundetem
vorderen und hinteren Ecken, Rückenfläche schwach konvex mit zerstreuten schwarzen
Haaren und hellem Seitenflecken auf dem Mesoscutum und Propdeum. 3.0-5.0 mm...... 27
Re El ae EN à Smicromyrme (E.) sicana (DE STEFANI)

Seiten von Tergum II schwach gerundet. Mesosoma rechteckig, Rückenfläche mit
zerstreuten goldenen Haaren. 3.0-6.0 mm ................ 24 Smicromyrme (A.) ausonia INVREA

F. Schlüssel für die Arten von Dasylabris

óó

Mandibel auf der Unterseite mit deutlichem Zahn nahe der Basis (Fig. 13). (Untergattung
Inbaltilla LELEJ 1976). Körper vollständig schwarz ohne helle Haare (Fig. 28). 5.5-9.0
Matane nn ocean E CUENCA 34 Dasylabris (1.) regalis (FABRICIUS)

Mandibel auf der Unterseite mit kleinem Lobus (Fig. 14). (Untergattung Dasylabris
RADOSZKOWSKI 1985). Metasoma mit hellen Flecken und Bändern (Fig. 27).................... 2

Pronotum rot. Gesicht und Stirn mit einigen hellen Haaren. 10.0-15.0 mm.........................
Tp T RPM 33b Dasylabris (D.) maura maura (LINNAEUS)

Pronotum teilweise oder ganz schwarz. Gesicht und Stirn ohne hellen Haare .....................
Bene elle ar ie 33a Dasylabris (D.) maura clausa (LEPELETIER)

99

Seitliche Kante des Pygidialfeldes im unteren Teil dreieckig verbreitert. (Fig. 45).
(Untergattung /nbaltilla LELEJ 1976). — Tergum II hinten mit einem hellen Band (Fig.
20.0.0. 3:0. MN near A 34 Dasylabris (I.) regalis (FABRICIUS)

Seitliche Kante des Pygidialfeldes nicht verbreitert (Fig. 46). a E Dasylabris

RADOSZKOWSKI 1985). — Tergum II mit zwei quer liegenden hellen Flecken (Fig. 25)...... 2
Stirn mit weissem Querband, welches normalerweise die Augen berührt. 7.0-13.0 mm......
MM er 33b Dasylabris (D.) maura maura (LINNAEUS)

Stirn mit einem halbrundem Fleck weisser Haare, welcher nicht die Augen berührt ...........
RS ee 33a Dasylabris (D.) maura clausa (LEPELETIER)

1522

List of the species (female - 9, male - d)

Subfamily M yrmosinae FOX 1894

Genus Krombeinella PATE 1947
10 species ın Europe.

1. Krombeinella longicollis (TOURNIER 1889)

Myrmosa longicollis TOURNIER 1889 - l'Entom. Genevois 1: 17, 9 non d, type locality: "Sarepta"
(Russia, environs of Volgograd), syntypes in Mus. d'Hist. Natur. Geneve.

Male: Black, red are: pronotum, tegulae, often mesoscutum and mesoscutellum.
Terga II-VI with sparse pale fringe. First abscissa of R vein and second radio-medial vein
forming straight line.

Female: Ferruginous-red are: mesosoma and legs. Tergum I dark-brown, brownish-
red laterally with apical ivory band. Head dorsally and terga I-V with sparse brown setae,
mesosoma dorsally with reddish ones, posterior border of tergum I with yellowish setae.
Head behind eye angulate. Distance between anterior clypeal tubercles less than between
tubercle and basal clypeal process.

Distribution: Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia-Montenegro, Macedonia,
Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, Russia (South European territory).

2. Krombeinella thoracica (FABRICIUS 1793)

Hyleus thoracica FABRICIUS 1793 - Entomologia systematica 2: 304, d, type locality: "in Italia",
lectotype in Copenhagen Univ. Zool. Mus. (designated by PETERSEN 1988: 195).

Synonymy: Myrmosa dubia COSTA 1858.

Male: Black, red are: pronotum, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, upper part of meso-
pleuron. Terga II-V laterally with sparse pale fringe. Sternum VI slightly emarginated.
Stemum H with basal medial tubercle. Apex of interlobular process of hypopygium
bifurcate.

Female: Black with ferruginous-red mandibles, clypeus and mesosoma; antennae
and legs reddish-brown, tarsi more or less reddish. Tergum I with wide apical ivory band
covered by dense yellowish pubescence.

Distribution: Italy, France, Spain, Croatia (2 males 10 km SE Pula, 12 Aug 1994 leg.
Schmid-Egger).

Genus Myrmosa LATREILLE 1796
2 species in Europe.

3. Myrmosa atra atra PANZER 1801

Myrmosa atra PANZER 1801 - Faune Insectorum Germanicae oder Deutschlands insecten 85: 14,
3, type locality: "Germania", types unknown.

1523

Synonymy: Mutilla melanocephala FABRICIUS 1793; Myrmosa nigra LATREILLE 1809; Myrmosa
atra LEPELETIER 1845; Myrmosa nigra LEPELETIER 1845; Myrmosa bicolor BAER 1848;
Mutilla melanaria BLANCHARD 1849; Myrmosa melanocephala f. rufomaculata HOFFER
1938.

Male. Sternum I without lateral deep fovea. Ratio postocellar line to ocellocular line

0.65-0.7. Lateral process of hypopygium without outside basal tubercle.

Female. Ferruginous-red are: medial part of mandible, clypeus, scape, basal half of
flagellum, clypeus, mesosoma, tergum I, sternum I, basal part of tergum and sternum II,
legs, in some specimens also last terga. Ratio postocellar line to ocellocular line 0.8.

H o s t : Oxybelus uniglumis (LINNAEUS) (Crabronidae) (LELEJ 1985).

Distribution: Sweden, Finland, United Kingdom, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Poland,
Estonia, Belarus, Ukraine, Austria, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Switzerland, France, Spain,
Portugal, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia-Montenegro, Romania, Russia
(European part, West Siberia, Yakutsk); Turkey, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, ? Iran.

Genus Paramyrmosa SAUSSURE 1880
3 species in Europe.

4. Paramyrmosa brunnipes (LEPELETIER 1845)

Myrmosa brunnipes LEPELETIER 1845 - Hist. nat. ins. Hymen. 3: 590, ọ, type locality: "Environs
de Paris et Midi de la France", lectotype in Torino Mus. Reg. Sci. Natur. (designated by
SUÁREZ 1988: 91).

Synonymy: Myrmosa cognata COSTA 1858.

M ale. Head 1.2 x wider than height. Sternum I with cylindrical process. Apex of me-
dial lobe of hypopygium rounded. Second abscissa of R vein 2.0 times shorter than first
abscissa.,

Female. Light red are: lower third of face, mesosoma, metasomal segment I, segment
II partly (tergum II baso-laterally), legs. Erect body setae all pale. Head densely sculp-
tured, space between punctures microsculptured, less than puncture diameter. Pronotum
laterally right-angled with small point. Sternum I with conical process. Scutellar scale
lacking. The female is characterized by the laterally emarginated flagellum HI and the
prolonged head.

Distribution: Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Czechia, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Romania,
Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia-Montenegro,
Macedonia, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Russia (Central and South European territory),
Armenia, Turkey.

Subfamily M y r millinae BISCHOFF 1920

Genus Myrmilla WESMAEL 1852
16 species in Europe.

5. Myrmilla (Myrmilla) calva (VILLERS 1789)
Mutilla calva VILLERS 1789 - Caroli Linnaei Entomologica: 343, fig. 33, 9, type locality:
Marseilles (France), syntypes not found.

1524

Synonymy: Mutilla calva FABRICIUS 1798, M. triareolata SPINOLA 1841, M. distincta LEPELETIER
1845, M. agrestis LEPELETIER 1845, M. incompleta LEPELETIER 1845, Rudia hastata COSTA
1858, Myrmilla calva var. andalusiana SKORIKOV 1927, M. calva f. seminigra HOFFER
1938, M. calva f. perparvula INVREA 1958, M. calva f. semirubra NONVEILLER 1972.

Male: Ferruginous-red are: apex of mandible, mesosoma except mesosternum, terga H

and III with few fringe-like setae apically. Sternum II and VIII each pyrmamid-formed

pointed.

Female: Ferruginous-red are lower part of face, mesosoma, tibiae medially, tarsi.
Terga I-II with an indistinct fringe of grey setae.

Host: Halictus sp. (Halictidae) (LELEJ 1985).

Distribution: Austria, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Germany, Switzerland, Romania,
Albania, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia-Montenegro, Macedonia, Bulgaria,
Greece, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt.

6. Myrmilla (Myrmilla) erythrocephala (LATREILLE 1792)

Mutilla erythrocephala LATREILLE 1792 - Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 8, 9, type locality: Pro-
vence, France, syntypes in Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Natur. Paris.

Synonymy: Mutilla latreillei MEYER 1794, M. cornuta OLIVIER 1811, Rudia megacephala COSTA
1858, M. bison COSTA 1887.

Male: Ferruginous-red are: most part of head, mesosoma except black sternum and

lower part of mesopleuron and brown metanotum. Sternum II without medial longitudi-

nal carina, sternum VIII with longitudinal lateral carinae.

Female: Ferruginous-red are: head (lower parts somewhat darkened), mesosoma,
tibiae medially. Horizontal part of tergum I and tergum III all covered with silver ap-
pressed setae, tergum II with apıcal band, medially enlarged to a round patch. Tergum IV
with sparse apical fringe. Clypeus separated from face by a large triangular edge, deeply
hollowed out below.

Distribution: Czechia, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia-Montenegro, Mace-
donia, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, France (south), Spain, Portugal, Cyprus, Lebanon, Palestine,
Tunisia, Egypt.

7. Myrmilla (Pseudomutilla) capitata (LUCAS 1849)

Mutilla capitata LUCAS 1849 - Explor. sci. de l'Alg. 3: 290, d, type locality: "Lacalle" (Algeria),
syntypes in Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Natur. Paris.

Synonymy: Mutilla parvicollis COSTA 1860, Pseudomutilla sardiniensis COSTA 1885, M. olcesei
TOURNIER 1895.

Male: The head black rarely with small red spot on vertex; mesosoma ferruginous-

red. Terga I-HI with apical fringe of yellowish pubescence. Hypostomal carina without

two long processes.

Female: Ferruginous-red are: lower part of face, mesosoma, most parts of legs.
Tergum I and III with apical silver band (band of tergum III sometimes covering the
whole tergum), tergum II with apical band, medially enlarged to a round patch. Clypeus
medially divided by a transversal edge, above a triangular plane surface, below hollowed
out and shiny. Antennal socket and eye connected by a sharp edge.

Host:Lasioglossum malachurum (KIRBY) (Halictidae) (LELEJ 1985).

Distribution: Hungary, Austria, Serbia-Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, France
(south), Spain, Portugal, Syria, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt.

1525

8. Myrmilla (Pseudomutilla) glabrata (FABRICIUS 1775)

Mutilla glabrata FABRICIUS 1775 - Systema entomologicae: 398, g, type locality: "Habitat in
Oriente" (? Egypt), holotype in Copenhagen Univ. Zool. Mus.

Synonymy: Mutilla ciliata FABRICIUS 1793, M. fraterna BAER 1848, M. cephalica SICHEL &
RADOSZKOWSKI 1869, Myrmilla sarmatica SKORIKOV 1927, M. sarmatica var. beljgovskii
SKORIKOV 1927.

Male: Ferruginous-red are: mesosoma, mandibles. Head dorsally with sparse black

setae. Mesosoma dorsally with sparse brown setae. Terga I-VI with apical pale band

widened medially on terga I-VI.

Female: Ferruginous-red are: clypeus, mandible and mesosoma. Head and meso-

soma dorsally with sparse brown setae. Terga I-V with apical yellowish band widened

medially on terga H-V.

Distribution: Austria, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia-Montenegro, Macedonia,
Greece, Ukraine, Russia (South European territory), Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkey, Syria.

9. Myrmilla (Pseudomutilla) vutshetitshi SKORIKOV 1927

Myrmilla vutshetitshi SKORIKOV 1927 - Ezhegodnik Zool. Mus. AN SSSR 28(1): 41, ©, type
locality: Cape Menganam near Tokluk, Crimea (Ukraine), lectotype in St. Petersburg Zool.
Inst. (designated by LELE! 1985: 107).

Synonymy: Myrmilla capitata kusdasi INVREA 1965.

Male: Ferruginous-red are: head beneath, mesosoma, mandibles. Legs castaneous

with paler tarsi. Head, mesosoma, legs and metasoma ventrally with sparse pale setae.

Tergum II with apical pale band weakly widened medially. Tergum III with apical band

of sparse pale setae, sometimes band interrupted medially.

Female: Head black or brown with indistinct brownish-red spot on vertex and

ferruginous-red beneath. Mesosoma ferruginous-red. Legs castaneous with paler tarsi.

Terga I-V with apical whitish band.

Distribution: Austria, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Ukraine, Turkey, Syria.

Genus Platymyrmilla ANDRE 1900
Monotypic (1 species in genus).

10. Platymyrmilla quinquefasciata (OLIVIER 1811)

Mutilla quinquefasciata OLIVIER 1811 - Encyclopedie methodique 8: 60, o, type locality: "en
Arabie en Perse" (Iran), syntypes in Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Natur. Paris.

M al e. Ferruginous-red are: metasomal segments I-II. The long process of sternum II in

large specimens with lateral processes. Lateral felt lines located on tergum II and ster-

num II. Hypopygium with basal medial tubercle.

Femal e. Head behind eyes with parallel sides or slightly narrowed posterad. Scutellar

scale lacking. Posterior border of terga I-V with pale band.

Distribution: Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Greece, Moldova, Georgia,
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Palestine, Syria, Turkey, Iran, Iraq.

1526

Subfamily M u tiiin ae LATREILLE 1802
Tribe M ut il lini LATREILLE 1802

Genus Mutilla LINNAEUS 1758
4 species in Europe.

11. Mutilla europaea LINNAEUS 1758

Mutilla europaea LINNAEUS 1758 - Systema naturae: 583, 9, type locality: "in Suecia" (Sweden),
syntypes probably lost.

Synonymy: Apis aptera UDDMAN 1753; Mutilla similis HARRIS 1782; M. schaefferi SCHRANK
1802; M. coerulans LEPELETIER 1845; M. cyanea LEPELETIER 1845; M. panzeri LEPELETIER
1845; M. obscura NYLANDER 1847; M. kaschiriensis BAER 1848; M. laevigata SICHEL &
RADOSZKOWSKI 1870; M. notomelas ANDRÉ 1902; M. europaea f. rufula HOFFER 1938; M.
europaea f. nigrescens HOFFER 1938; M. europaea f. ruficeps HOFFER 1938.

Male: Dark red are: apex of mandible, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, metanotum.

Terga I and II with band of long silver setae; band on tergum II medially emarginated or

interrupted. Tergum II laterally all covered with long silver setae, terga IV-VII apically

and remaining body with long black setae, setae straight. Legs mainly with black setae,
and some silver setae in between. In some specimens, hindleg with more silver setae than
black setae. Body puncture coarser and denser than in M. marginata.

Variation: Some specimens are all black colored.

Female: Mesonotum red, sometimes also parts of pronotum. Tergum I with band of

long silver setae, terga II, III and VI with lateral spots of silver setae, sometimes space

between small. Legs with some short, adjecting black and silver setae. Body setae

straight, most setae more ore less adjecting.

Host: Various species of Bombus (Apidae) (LELEJ 1985).

Distribution: Europe: from Sweden and Finland to Spain; Russia (European part, South
Ural, Western Siberia; Asia: Kazakhstan, Turkey; North Africa.

12. Mutilla marginata BAER 1848

Mutilla marginata BAER 1848: Bull. Soc. Imp. Natur. Moscou 21(1): 230, o, type locality: "Elisa-
betgrad" (Ukraine), syntypes not found.

Synonymy: Mutilla trifasciata RADOSZKOWSKI 1865; M. marginata f. insueta INVREA 1964.

Male : Body black with reddish-brown tegulae. Tergal bands similar and body setae as

in europaea, but setae thinner and wool-like, apically winded. Legs with silver setae

only. Body puncture finer and sparser than in M. europaea.

Female: Mesonotum red. Tergum I with band of long silver setae, terga II, IIl and VI

with lateral spots of silver setae, sometimes space between small. Legs with sense erect

silver setae. Body setae wool-like, most setae erect. The whole body seems to be woolly.

Distribution: Czechia, Slovakia, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Hungary, Romania,
Ukraine, Bulgaria, Italy, Spain, Russia (European part, South Ural), Georgia, Turkey, Syria.

1527

Genus Ronisia COSTA 1858
5 species in Europe.

13. Ronisia brutia (PETAGNA 1787)

Mutilla brutia PETAGNA 1787 - Specimen insectorum: 33, fig. 37, 9, type locality: "in planis
Silvae nobilis vulgo Aspromonte" (Italy), syntypes unknown.

Synonymy: Mutilla sexmaculata CYRILLO 1787, M. hungarica FABRICIUS 1793, M. confusa
LEPELETIER 1845, M. monspeliensis LEPELETIER 1845, M. sexmaculata BAER 1848, M.
robusta SMITH 1855, Ronisia torosa COSTA 1858, M. sericeiventris COSTA 1864, M. taurica
RADOSZKOWSKI 1865, M. discoidalis RADOSZKOWSKI 1865, M. morawitzii DALLA TORRE
1897, M. crimeae STRAND 1917, syn.n.

M ale: Mesosoma surface ferruginous-red (in eastern specimens partly black). Tergum

I and II apically with band of silver setae (band of tergum II: apically with emargination),
tergum Il all covered with silver setae. Sterna II-V with apical fringe of pale setae.

Female. Large patch on frons and mesosoma ferruginous-red. Terga I and II each
with three silver spots, located transversally on posterior border of terga, and band on
tergum III, tergum VI laterally with black setae.

Host: Anthophora crinipes SMITH (Apidae), Megachile albisecta KLUG, Megachile

parietina GEOFFROY IN FABRICIUS (Megachilidae) (LELEJ 1985).

Distribution: Austria, Czechia, Slovakia, Germany (east), France, Italy, Malta, Croatia,
Serbia-Montenegro, Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey, Ukraine, Russia (South European
territory, South Ural), Turkey, Kazakhstan (west).

Genus Tropidotilla BISCHOFF 1920
3 species in Europe.

14. Tropidotilla litoralis (PETAGNA 1787)

Mutilla litoralis PETAGNA 1787 - Specimen insectorum: 33, 9, type locality: Calabria,
Brancaleone (Italy); syntypes unknown.

Synonymy: Mutilla italica FABRICIUS 1793, M. indigena ILLIGER 1807, M. graeca LEPELETIER
1845, M. iberica KOLENATI 1846, M. salentina COSTA 1858, M. simplica RADOSZKOWSKI
1865, M. pauperata SICHEL & RADOSZKOWSKI 1870, Tropidotilla litoralis f. bimaculata
INVREA 1965, T. litoralis f. verticichroma INVREA 1965.

Mal e. Parts of or all tergum II ferruginous-red. Tegulae dark ferruginous-red. Mandi-
ble without inner teeth, only apically pointed. Clypeus all concave and shiny. Mesoster-
num with large medial biapical process on the anterior border and two well developed
precoxal tubercles.

Female. Mandible basally and mesosoma ferruginous-red. Tergum II with posterior
silver band which arcuate anterad, terga III-V with silver fringe. Mandible with small
inner tooth. Propodeum dorsally with small tubercles. Mesosoma length slightly more
than its width.

Distribution: Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia,
Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia-Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, Greece, Italy, Ukraine,
Russia (South European territory), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan (Kopet-Dag),
Iran (north), Turkey, Syria, Palestine, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt.

1528

TribeS micromyrmini BISCHOFF 1920

Genus Nemka LELEJ 1985
l species in Europe.

15. Nemka viduata viduata (PALLAS 1773)

Mutilla viduata PALLAS 1773 - Reisen ... Russischen Reiches 2: 730, d, type locality: "Lecta cun
praecedenti (ad Irtin locis australioribus)" (Shulba river near Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan),
syntypes probably in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Synonymy: Ziphia stridula ROSSI 1790, Mutilla coronata ROSSI 1792, M. coronata FABRICIUS
1793, M. paedemontana FABRICIUS 1794, M. togata AHRENS 1812.

Male: Metasomal segment II ferruginous-red with black or brown apical band. Prono-
tum and mesoscutellum apically with dense whitish setal band. Terga I-II with long erect
silver setae, tergum II apically with long black setae, terga III and IV with dense ap-
pressed silver setae, remaining terga with black erect setae. Mandible apically larger than
medially, tridentate, medial tooth is the shortest. Clypeus concave and shiny. Spine be-
tween antennal base. Mesosternum with pointed tubercle. Genital volsella with basal
external lobe and long narrow cuspis, basivolsella with very long setae.

Female: Head in lower part, antenna and mesosoma ferruginous-red. Frons between
eyes with large patch of golden appressed setae, mesosoma dorsally with sparse golden
setae. Tergum I with apical silver band, tergum II with basal rounded silver patch and
apical silver band, medially enlarged, tergum III with large silver band. Sterna I-IV with
silver setae. Foretarsal spines dark. Pygidial area large, oval, laterally and apically with
marked edge, its surface completely diagonally wrinkled.

Host: Gorytes sp., Bembecinus tridens (FABRICIUS), Bembix olivacea (FABRICIUS)
(Crabronidae) (LELEJ 1985).

Distribution: Ukraine, Spain, France, Italy, Malta, Greece, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-
Herzegovina, Serbia-Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania,
Czechia, Slovakia, Russia (South European territory, South Ural, Altai), Turkey, Syria, Georgia,
Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia (north-west).

Genus Physetopoda SCHUSTER 1949
18 species in Europe.

16. Physetopoda cingulata (COSTA 1858)

Mutilla cingulata COSTA 1858 - Fauna regno Napoli: 15, tab. 21, fig. 4, d, type locality: "Terra
d'Otranto" (Italy), holotype in Mus. Zool. Univ. Napoli.

Synonymy: Smicromyrme rudolfae LELEJ 1984.

Male: Ferruginous-red are: mesoscutellum, tegulae, metanotum medially and some-

times pronotum. Rarely mesosoma black all over with ferruginous-red tegulae.

Female:Unknown.

Distribution: Italy, Greece, Hungary, Russia (south-east of South European territory),
Kazakhstan.

1529

17. Phÿsetopoda daghestanica (RADOSZKOWSKI 1885)

Mutilla daghestanica RADOSZKOWSKI 1885 - Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 19 (1-2): 24, fig. 22, d, type
locality: "Banat" (Hungary), lectotype in Krakow Inst. Syst Exper. Zool. (designated by
PETERSEN 1988: 169).

Synonymy: Smicromyrme montata f. moravica HOFFER 1936, S. variabilis HOFFER 1938, S.
variabilis f. maculata HOFFER 1938, S. variabilis f. lineata HOFFER 1938, S. variabilis f.
obenbergeri HOFFER 1938, S. variabilis f. conversa HOFFER 1938.

Male: Ferruginous-red are: pronotum, mesoscutum, tegulae and often mesoscutellum.
Volsellar cuspis short, touch gonostylus inturn. Disc of tergum Il densely punctured, inter-
spaces less than puncture width.

Female: Unknown.

Distribution: France, Italy, Germany, Czechia, Slovakia, Austria, Switzerland, Hungary,
Romania, Croatia, Greece, Ukraine, Russia (South European territory, Altai), Kazakhstan.

18. Physetopoda halensis (FABRICIUS 1787)

Mutilla halensis FABRICIUS 1787 - Mantissa Insectorum 1: 312, 9, type locality: "Halae Saxonum"
(Germany), syntypes lost, neotype in Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Natur. Paris. (designated by PETERSEN
1988: 163).

Synonymy: ie ephippium FABRICIUS 1793, M. montana PANZER 1805, M. schencki
SCHMIEDEKNECHT 1907, Smicromyrme punctata pseudomontana HOFFER 1936, S. montana
f. susterai HOFFER 1936, S. compacta f. melaclena INVREA 1958, S. subalpina RESSL 1960.

Remarks: The male occurs in two color forms: an all black form and a partly red
form (red are: pronotum, mesoscutum, sometimes mesoscutellum). PETERSEN (1988)
treated both forms as conspecific, writing that “the two color forms...do not occur dis-
tinctly geographically separate, but in some arcas one form may dominate over the other
(Switzerland, parts of Czechoslovakia)”. A more detailed view to the material list of
PETERSEN (1988) and new records show that all recent findings from southern Germany
(Baden-Wiirttemberg, Rheinland-Pfalz, Bayern, Thüringen) and all records from Swit-
zerland belongs to the black form only, whereas findings from France, North Italy, Aus-
tria and countries eastwards of these, belong to the red form. In eastern Germany a recent
record from Brandenburg (Burger in litt.) and two old records from South Germany
belong to the red form. In Czech Republic, Austria, Croatia and other countnes occur
both forms.

This distribution pattern gives an impression of a Central European range for the black
form and a Southern to Southeast European and temperate Asian range for the red form
with a large overlapping zone. Transition forms are unknown. Supposing, that both taxa
represent forms only, an evenly mixed distribution pattern or an even change of the
forms from the South to the North (when temperature depending) may be expected. But
the present distribution pattern of both forms is more or less typical for subspecies or
species behaviour.

The case needs further examination, and also a detailed geographical analysis of the
distribution pattern of both forms. Provisionally, we remain with the opinion of
PETERSEN (1988) and treat both as conspecific. But we recommend to mention the mem-
bership of the form in further publications. The black form is Physetopoda halensis s.str.
(= f. halensis), whereas the red form was described as Mutilla ephippium FABRICIUS
1793 (= f. ephippium). There is no replacement name for preoccupied M. ephippium, so
we remain with the provisional ‘red form’.

1530

Male : Mesosoma black with ferruginous-red pronotum, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum,
metanotum, sometimes upper part of mesopleuron ferruginous-red also; or mesosoma
black all over. Mesoscutum, tegulae and disc of tergum II with sparse black or brown
setae, other body and legs with sparse pale setae forming apical fringe on metasomal
segments. |

Female: Ferruginous-red are: mesosoma with dark scutellar scale. The legs almost
castaneous. Head and mesosoma dorsally with sparse black setae, very often appressed
setae on head and mesoscutum are reddish. Tergum III with band of dense pale setae.
Host: Clytra quadripunctata (LINNAEUS) (Coleoptera), a chrysomelid beetle living in
ants’ nests. This very special host relationship was observed twice, in
Würzburg/Germany and in Genève/Switzerland (PETERSEN 1988). The males often are
found on light traps.

Distribution: Germany, Czechia, Slovakia, Austria, Switzerland, Hungary, Italy, Romania,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia-Montenegro, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece,
Ukraine, Russia (South European territory, South Ural, Altai), Kazakhstan.

19. Physetopoda lucasii (SMITH 1855)

Mutilla lucasii SMITH 1855 - Cat. Hymen. 3: 14. New name for Mutilla bicolor LUCAS 1849.
Synonymy: Mutilla bicolor LUCAS 1849; Smicromyrme montana f. cerrutii INVREA 1956.

Male: Mesosoma black with ferruginous-red pronotum, mesoscutellum, often meso-
scutum and tegulae ferruginous-red also; sometimes mesosoma black all over or with
ferruginous-red mesoscutellum and tegulae (f. pseudobimaculata) or ferruginous-red all
over and black beneath (f. bicolor).

Female: Very similar with female of Ph. halensis, the differences see in the key above.
Distribution: Serbia-Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Algeria.

20. Physetopoda punctata (LATREILLE 1792)

Mutilla punctata LATREILLE 1792 - Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 11, 9, type locality: "Gallo-
provincia” (France), syntypes unknown.
Synonymy: Mutilla quadripunctata OLIVIER 1811; M. quadrimaculata LUCAS 1849.

M ale : Mesosoma ferruginous-red with black pronotum, tegulae and metanotum.

Female: Mesosoma ferruginous-red with black pronotum to black over (f. melanothorax
ANDRE). Head and mesosoma dorsally with dense pale setae, pronotum with black ones. Ter-
gum III with band of dense pale pubescence. Tergum VI laterally with pale setae.

H o s t : Tituboea sp. (Coleoptera), a chrysomelid beetle (LELEJ 1985).

Distribution: Spain, Portugal, France (south), Italy, Malta, Hungary, Romania, Croatia,
Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco.

21. Physetopoda pusilla (KLUG 1835)

Mutilla pusilla KLUG 1835 - Reise d. Tirol 2: 91, 9, type locality: "Andalousie Puertoreal"
(Spain), syntypes in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

M ale: Unknown.

Female: Head black, dorsally with black setae only. Mesosoma ferruginous-red, at least
with black sparse setae on pronotum and propodeum; legs somewhat darker than mesosoma.

1531

Tergum III with band of dense pale pubescence. Tergum VI laterally with pale setae. Pygidial
area with divergent wrinkles, shiny apically.
Distribution: Italy (north), Croatia, Albania, Greece, Spain, Cyprus, Algeria, Morocco.

22. Physetopoda scutellaris (LATREILLE 1792)

Mutilla scutellaris LATREILLE 1792: Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 10, 3, type locality: "Habitat in
provincia Inculismensi" (France), neotype in Copenhagen Univ. Zool. Mus. (designated by
PETERSEN 1988: 192).

Synonymy: Mutilla bimaculata JURINE 1807, M. subcomata WESMAEL 1852, Smicromyrme
subcomata f. nigricollis HOFFER 1936, S. bimaculata f. castellaneta PAGLIANO 1983.

Male: Mandible medially, mesoscutellum, metanotum and tegula red. Tergum II with

fringe of pale setae. Clypeus with triangular flat surface and two tubercles near apical

margin.

Female: Red are: mandible in basal half, face in lower third, antenna in basal half,

mesosoma, legs and tergum I. Margin of terga II and Ill yellowish-red. Terga II with

basal silver patch and apical band. Tergum III covered with silver setae. Pygidial area
with some indistinct wrinkles in basal half, without sculpture and shiny in apical half.

Distribution: Spain, France, Italy, Germany, Czechia, Slovakia, Austfia, Switzerland,
Romania, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia-Montenegro, Greece, Armenia, Turkey, ?Algeria,
?Tunisia.

23. Physetopoda sericeiceps (ANDRÉ 1901)

Mutilla subcomata var. sericeiceps ANDRE 1901 - Spec. Hymen. d'Eur, et d'Alg. 8: 265, 9, type
locality: "Corse" (France), lectotype in Mus. d'Hist. Natur. Paris (designated by PETERSEN
1988: 167).

Synonymy: Smicromyrme moltonii INVREA 1955.

Male: Unknown.

Female: Mesosoma and legs ferruginous-red. Mesosoma dorsally with sparse pale
setae, except black ones on pronotum. Térgum VI laterally with pale setae. Apical fifth
of pygidial area shiny.

Distribution: Hungary, Serbia-Montenegro, Greece, Itäly, France, Portugal, Späin.

Genus Smicromyrme THOMSON 1870
43 species in Europe.

24. Smicromyrme (Astomyrme) ausonia INVREA 1950

Smicromyrme ausonia INVREA 1950 - Mem. Soc. entom. Ital. 29: 23, d, type locality: "Liguria,
Varazze" (Italy), holotype in Genova Mus. Civ. Stor. Natur.
Synonymy: Smicromyrme sabatia INVREA 1953.

Male: Ferruginous-red are: pronotum, mesoscutum, tegulae; mesoscutellum and
metanotum medially; rarely mesosoma black all over with brownish-red tegulae only.
Antenna black, sometimes ferruginous-red beneath. Mandible tridentate. Ocelli small,
diameter of anterior ocellus much smaller than distance between it and posterior one.
Clypeus concave with three preapical tubercles.

Female: Mesosoma ferruginous-red. Antennae brownish-red darkened apically. Legs

1532

castaneous with ferruginous tibiae and tarsi. Frons and vertex with sparse black setae
sometimes with reddish lustre. Tergum II with large medial basal pale spot, lateral sub-
circular pale spot and apical pale band which triangle widened medially. Tergum III with
pale band. Apical third-fourth of pygidial area shiny.

Host: Zeuxia cinerea MEIGEN (Tachinidae, Diptera), Eumerus strigatus FALLEN
(Syrphidae, Diptera) (LELEJ 1985).

Distribution: France, Italy, Greece, Ukraine (Crimea), Moldova, Russia (South European
territory, South Ural), Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan (Kopet-Dag), Cyprus.

25. Smicromyrme (Eremotilla) ingauna INVREA 1958
Smicromyrme ingauna INVREA 1958 - Boll. Soc. entom. Ital. 88 (9-10): 145, E, type locality:

Liguria, Albenga” (Italy), holotype in Genova Mus. Civ. Stor. Natur.
Synonymy: Smicromyrme varinella INVREA 1960.

M ale: Mesosoma red except tegula, upper part of mesopleuron and mesosternum.
Mandible with red in apical third. Terga I and II with apical fringe of silver pale setae,
terga III and IV with large silver band. Sterna I-IV with silver apical setae. Clypeus tri-
angular, flat and shiny.

Female: Red are: mandible in basal half, antenna, mesosoma except a dark zone at
its basal border, and legs. Face between eyes with large golden band. Tergum II basally
with rounded silver spot and some silver setae laterally, apically with silver band, medi-
ally enlarged. Tergum II with large silver band. Pygidial area with more ore less longitu-
dinal wrinkles, somewhat divergent in apical part.

Distribution: Italy (also in the Alps in Valle d’Aosta, leg. Schmid-Egger June 1996),
Romania.

26. Smicromyrme (Eremotilla) triangularis (RADOSZKOWSKI 1865)

Mutilla triangularis RADOSZKOWSKI 1865 - Bull. Soc. Imper. Natur. Moscou 38 (2): 448, tab. 7,
fig. 16, E, type locality: "Saratov, Kasan, Spask" (Russia), syntypes probably in Krakow Inst.
Syst. Exper. Zool.

Synonymy: Smicromyrme pouzdranensis HOFFER 1936, syn.n.

Remarks: The characters of Smicromyrme pouzdranensis, which was described by

an unique specimen from South Moravia, including pale design of tergum II (with three

basal pale spots), wide pygidial area and well developed comb of fore tarsus, are similar

to ones of S. triangularis, which is distributed in the steppes of Ukraine, European part of

Russia and South Ural. Czechia 1s the western point of this species. The male is still unknown.

M ale: Unknown.

F e male: Mesosoma ferruginous-red with darker scutellar scale. Frons and vertex with
appressed yellowish pubescence which not form spot and sparse erect black setae. Mesosoma
dorsally with sparse appressed golden setae and black ones on pronotum and around scutellar
scale.

Distribution: Czechia, Ukraine, Russia (South European territory, Kasan, South Ural).

27. Smicromyrme (Erimyrme) sicana (DE STEFANI 1887)

Mutilla ephippium var. sicana DE STEFANI 1887 - Natural. Sicil. 6: 62, d, type locality: Sicily
(Italy), lectotype in Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Natur., Paris. (designated by PETERSEN 1988: 194).

1533

Synonymy: Smicromyrme pusilla septentrionalis HOFFER 1936, S. pusilla septentrionalis f.
gregory HOFFER 1936, S. rufipes var. lutescens INVREA 1954.

M ale: Ferruginous-red are: pronotum, tegulae, mesoscutellum, metanotum, upper part of

mesopleuron. Mesoscutum black. Frons, vertex, mesoscutum and tegulae with black or brown

setae. Distance between teeth on anterior clypeal border less than their length.

Female : Mesosoma ferruginous-red with black anterior pronotal border, rarely black all
over with two brownish-red spots on mesoscutum laterally. Legs castaneous with reddish
tibiae and tarsi. Frons and vertex with indistinct small spot of appressed pale setae; head be-
neath, metasoma ventrally and legs with sparser pale setae. Tergum III with pale band.

Host: Various ground nesting Crabronidae: Cerceris arenaria (LINNAEUS), Miscophus
bicolor JURINE, Tachyspex pompiliformis (PANZER), Diodontus minutus (FABRICIUS) and
wood-nesting Crabronidae: Nitela spinolae LATREILLE (LELEJ 1985)

Distribution: France, Italy, Serbia-Montenegro, Croatia, Albania, Greece, Hungary,

Austria, Ukraine, Czechia, Slovakia, Romania, Turkey, Russia (South European territory, South
Ural, Altai), Turkey, Syria.

28. Smicromyrme (Smicromyrme) ruficollis ruficollis (FABRICIUS 1793)
Mutilla ruficollis FABRICIUS 1793 - Entomologia systematica 2: 371, d, type locality: "In Italia"

(Italy), lectotype in Copenhagen Univ. Zool. Mus. (designated by PETERSEN 1988: 188).
Synonymy: Smicromyrme kiritshenkoae SKORIKOV 1935.

Male: Ferruginous-red are: mesoscutum, tegulae, propodeum, often pronotum,
mesoscutellum and upper part of mesopleuron. Mesoscutum and tegulae with sparse
brown setae other body with sparse pale setae. Postocellar line 0.6-0.7 x ocellocular line.

F e male: Red are: mandible in basal half, antenna, mesosoma and legs. Face between
eyes with some golden setae. Tergum II basally with longitudinal silver spot, apically
with silver band. Tergum III with large silver band. Pygidial area with more ore less
longitudinal wrinkles, markedly divergent in apical part.

Distribution: Austria, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia-Montenegro, Macedonia,
Greece, Bulgaria Italy, Spain, France, Malta, Ukraine, Russia (Altai), Kazakhstan, Turkey.

29. Smicromyrme (Smicromyrme) rufipes (FABRICIUS 1787)

Mutilla rufipes FABRICIUS 1787 - Mantissa Insectorum 1: 312, ©, type locality: "Halae Saxonum"
(Germany), syntypes probably lost.

Synonymy: Mutilla nigra ROSSI 1792; M. ephippium ROSSI 1792; M. sellata PANZER 1797; M.
nigrita PANZER 1801; M. petiolaris FABRICIUS 1804; M. gibba BAER 1848; M. nemoralis
BAER 1848; M. rufipes var. fulvogastra ANDRÉ 1901; Smicromyrme rufipes var.
nigricollaris SKORIKOV 1935; S. rufipes f. zavadili HOFFER 1938; S. rufipes f. lidmilae
HOFFER 1938; S. kuehlhorni INVREA 1963; S. globosa FRANZ 1982.

M ale: Red are: Pronotum, mesoscutum, tegula, mesoscutellum. Terga I-III with apical

fringe of silver setae. Body below with silver setae except sterna VI and VII. Clypeus

triangular, surface rounded, with two preapical tubercles.

Variation: The male occurs in an all black form, which is more abundant in north-
em parts of Central Europe than in the southern parts (f. nigra ROSSI).
Female: Red are: mandible in basal half, face in lower third, antenna in basal half,

mesosoma, legs and tergum I. Margin of terga II and III yellowish-red. Terga II with
basal silver patch and indistinct apical band, sometime only with a medial patch. Tergum

1534

IH covered with less dense silver setae. Pygidial area with longitudinal wrinkles, in api-
cal part somewhat divergent.

Host: Various ground nesting Crabonidae: Tachysphex sp., Oxybelus spp.,
Miscophus spurius DAHLBOM, Palarus variegatus F., Astata boops SCHRANK, Cerceris
arenaria LINNAEUS, Crossocerus wesmaeli VANDER LINDEN, Tracheliodes quinquenotatus
(JURINE) also Evagetes sp. (Pompilidae) is mentioned (LELEJ 1985).

Distribution: Spain (north), France, Italy (north), Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Serbia-Montenegro, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia, Ukraine,
Belarus, Sweden, Finland, Russia (European part, South Ural, Altai, Yakutsk), Kazakhstan.

TribePetersenidiini LELEJ 1996

Genus Artiotilla INVREA 1950
| species in Europe.

30. Artiotilla biguttata (COSTA 1858)

Mutilla biguttata COSTA 1858 - Fauna regno Napoli: 23, tab. 23, fig. 3, ©, type locality: “Calabria,
Sicilia" (Italy), syntypes in Mus. Zool. Univ. Napoli.

Synonymy: Mutilla dalmatica ANDRE 1893, M. mervensis RADOSZKOWSKI 1893, Smicromyrme
fertoni INVREA 1953, Artiotilla biguttata f. palestinensis INVREA 1965.

M al e: Body black with ferruginous-red metasomal segments I and II and apical brown-

red band on segment II. Pronotum and terga II and IV with pale band. Postocellar line

equal or somewhat less than ocellocular line. Weak lateral carina of hypopygium

straight.

Female. Head and metasoma black, mesosoma ferruginous-red darker laterally.
Femora reddish-brown or the same color as mesosoma laterally. Metasoma with two
large pale spots disposed transversally on tergum II and pale band on tergum III. Stemum
II with lateral longitudinal carina ending posterad by denticle and weak medial longitu-
dinal carina. Inner border of mandible with obtuse subbasal denticle. Scutellar scale
lacking.

Distribution: Italy, Croatia, Serbia-Montenegro, Macedonia, Greece, Albania, Azerbaijan,

Turkmenistan, Iran, Turkey, Cyprus, Palestine.

Tribe Trogaspidiini BISCHOFF 1920

Genus Trogaspidia ASHMEAD 1903
| species in Europe.

31. Trogaspidia catanensis (ROSSI 1794)

Mutilla catanensis ROSSI 1794 - Mantissa Insectorum 2: 126, tab. 3, fig. B, 9, type locality:
"Catania" (Italy), syntypes unknown.

Synonymy: Mutilla ballioni RADOSZKOWSKI 1866, M. paripunctata SICHEL & RADOSZKOWSKI
1870.

Male: Terga I and II ferruginous-red. Medially interrupted band on terga III and IV.

1535

Propodeum dorsally with dense recumbent pale setae. Frons with black, pronotal laterad
with dense pale setae.

Female: Head, antennae, legs and metasoma black, mesosoma ferruginous-red.
Mesosoma dorsally with sparse erect black setae and appressed yellowish ones. Meta-
soma with medially interrupted band on terga III and IV. Pronotum anterad weakly arcu-
ate. Scutellar scale narrow.

Distribution: Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Serbia-Montenegro, Macedonia, Greece, Italy,
Ukraine (Crimea), Russia (South European terntory), Armenia, Kazakhstan (west), Algeria.

Subfamily Sphaeropthalminae ASHMEAD 1903

Genus Cystomutilla ANDRE 1896
| species in Europe.

32. Cystomutilla ruficeps (SMITH 1855)

Mutilla ruficeps SMITH 1855 - Cat. Hymen. 3: 15. New name for Mutilla erythrocephala LUCAS
1849. |

Synonymy: Mutilla erythrocephala LUCAS 1849, M. parvula KRIECHBAUMER 1896

M ale: Head and metasoma black. Mesosoma ferruginous-red with brownish-red ster-

num and anterior pronotal border. Tergum III with sparse pale setae. Ocelli small. Man-

dible bidentate, beneath without large tooth near the base. Long lateral felt lines disposed

on tergum II and short one on sternum II.

Female: Head and metasoma black. Mesosoma ferruginous-red, antennae and legs

brownish-red. Head ferruginous-red. Terga I and Il with apical pale band, tergum II with

pale band. Scutellar scale lacking. Long lateral felt lines disposed on tergum 2. Pygidial

area developed.

Host: Ectemnius rubicola (DUFOUR & PEREZ), Pemphredon rugifer (DAHLBOM),

(Crabronidae) (LELEJ 1985).

Distribution: United Kingdom, France, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Slovakia, Austria,
Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Albania, Greece, Ukraine, Russia (South European territory),
Georgia, Algeria.

Subfanily Dasylabrinae INVREA 1964

Genus Dasylabris RADOSZKOWSKI 1885
11 species in Europe. .
33a. Dasylabris (Dasylabris) maura maura (LINNAEUS 1758)

Mutilla maura LINNAEUS 1758 - Systema Nature 1: 583, ọ, type locality: "Germania" (Germany),
neotype in London Linnean Society (designated by PETERSEN 1988: 182).

Synonymy: Mutilla austriaca PANZER 1799, M. rubricans LEPELETIER 1845, M. argenteofasciata
COSTA 1858, M. trisinuosa COSTA 1886, Dasylabris maura f. nigrociliata HOFFER 1938.

Male: Pronotum, mesoscutum, tegula, scutellum and propodeum red. Tergum II with

1536

basal triangular silver patch and apical silver band, deeply emarginated medially. Tergum
HI completely covered with silver setae. Sterna II and IH with silver fringe, remaining
sterna with black fringe. Apical border of clypeus with two triangular teeth. Tergum I
small, 1/3 as wide as tergum II.

Female: Mesosoma all red. Frons between eyes with large silver band, touching
eyes, with some golden-brownish setae in between. Tergum I with silver setae. Tergum II
with small basal and two large latero-apical silver patches. Tergum III black, tergum IV
and V each with medial silver patch, patch V double as large as patch IV. Tergum VI
with large pygidial area, covered with irregular longitudinal wrinkles. Mandible straight,
with two small inner teeth. |

Host: Palmodes occitanicus LEPELETIER & SERVILLE, Ammophila heydeni DAHLBOM,

(Sphecidae), Katamenes arbustorum (PANZER) (Vespidae) (LELEJ 1985).

Distribution: France, Switzerland, Italy, Malta, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia-
Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Hungary, Turkey, Austria, Czechia,
Slovakia, Germany, Poland, Ukraine (Crimea), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan.

33b. Dasylabris (Dasylabris) maura clausa (LEPELETIER 1845)

Mutilla clausa LEPELETIER 1845 - Hist. nat. ins. Hymen. 3: 601, d, type locality: "Environs de
Paris" (France), lectotype in Torino Mus. Reg. Sci. Natur. (designated by PETERSEN 1988:
183).

Remarks: The subspecies D. m. clausa is based on a partly or all black pronotum in
male (red in maura s.str.) and different setal pattern on head in females. In our material
we could find transition forms to D. maura s.str. from southern France (males with a
partly black pronotum). So the status of D. m. clausa as a subspecies of D. maura s.str. is
questionable, because these minor changes in character states also may be caused by
climatic or other influences. Its status as a forma rather than a subspecies is more
probable. Detail examinations will confirm this assumption. The host is probably the
same as in D. maura S.str.

Male: D. m. clausa has a partly black pronotum. Otherwise it agree with D. m. maura.

Female: The female of D. m. clausa has a smaller and rounded patch on frons. The
space between the patch and the eye is covered with golden-brownish setae (or: the setae
change color from silver to golden). Otherwise it agree with D. m. maura.
Distribution: Switzerland, France (south), Spain, Portugal.

34. Dasylabris (Inbaltilla) regalis (FABRICIUS 1793)

Mutilla regalis FABRICIUS 1793 - Entomologia systematica 2: 371, o, type locality: "Habitat in
Hungaria" (Hungary), neotype d in Copenhagen Univ. Zool. Mus. (designated by PETERSEN
1988: 186).

Synonymy: Mutilla petiolata BAER 1848; M. petiolaris RADOSZKOWSKI 1865; M. concolora
RADOSZKOWSKI 1865; M. unipetiolaris RADOSZKOWSKI 1866; Dasylabris italica var.
triangulomaculata SKORIKOV 1935; D. italica f. slovaca HOFFER 1938; D. italica f. batai
HOFFER 1938. :

Male : Body, antennae and legs black. Pubescence of the body and legs black. Apical
fringe of metasomal segments with black setae.

Female: Ferruginous-red are: mesosoma, antennae reddish-brown paler beneath,
mandible brownish-red with black apexes. Legs black or brown with reddish tarsi. Frons,

1337

vertex and occiput with dense appressed yellowish pubescence. Mesosoma dorsally with

sparse short appressed golden and long erect black setae. Medial pale spots on terga III-

V equal in width. Mesosoma length 1.15-1.2 x its maximum width. Basal pale spot of

tergum II transversally oval, wider that tergum I, distance between spot and medial pro-

jection of pale band of the same tergum less spot diameter.

Distribution: Czechia, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Serbia-Montenegro, Bulgaria, Ukraine,
Russia (South European territory, South Ural, Altai), Kazakhstan.

Acknowledgments

We sincerely thank Guido Pagliano (Torino/Italy) and Gian Luca Agnoli (Bologna/Italy) for infor-
mation about Italian Mutillidae, as well as Frank Burger (Weimar/Germany) and Dieter Doczkal
(Malsch/Germany) for comments about Physetopoda halensis.

Zusammenfassung

Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt alle mitteleuropäischen Arten der Spinnenameisen (Mutillidae).
Ein Bestimmungsschlüssel in deutscher und englischer Sprache wird vorgestellt, die Arten werden
kurz beschrieben, ihre Verbreitung und ihre Wirte werden dargestellt. Insgesamt werden 34 Arten
in 15 Gattungen besprochen. Neue Synonyme sind: Ronisia brutia (PETAGNA 1787) = Mutilla
crimeae STRAND 1917, syn.n.; Smicromyrme triangularis (RADOSZKOWSKI 1865) = S.
pouzdranensis HOFFER 1936, syn.n.

References

ANDRÉ E. (1899-1903): Spécies de Hyménoptéres d'Europe & d'Algérie. 8. Les mutillides.
Paris. 1899: 1-64, 1900: 65-144, 1901: 145-304, 1902: 305-384, 1903: 385-478 + pl. 1-15.

BAER I. (1848): De mutillis nonnullis rossicis. — Bulletin de la Société Impériale des
Naturalistes de Moscou 21 (1): 228-232, plate 2, figs 1-8.

BOUCEK Z. & J. SNOFLAK (1957): 52. Celed Kodulkoviti — Mutillidae. — In: KTATOCHVIL J.
(ed.), Klié zvireny CSR. II: 316-319.

COSTA A. (1858-1860) Fauna del regno di Napoli. Imenotteri aculeati. Famiglia
de'Mutillidei; Mutillidea. Napoli. 1858: 1-28 + tab. 21-24; 1860: 29-36 + tab. 25.

DE STEFANI T. (1887): Un nuovo genere di crabronidi ed altri imenotteri nuovi o poco cogniti
raccolti in Sicilia. — Il Naturalista Siciliano 6: 59-62, 85-90, 110-114, 143-147 + tab. 2.
[Mutillidae: 61-63, 143-145, tab. 2, fig. 4].

FABRICIUS J.Ch. (1775): Systema entomologiae, systens Insectorum classes, ordines, genera,
species, adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. — Flensburgi et
Lipsiae. 832pp. [Mutillidae: 352, 396-398].

FABRICIUS J.Ch. (1787): Mantissa insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detecta, adjectis

characteribus genericis, differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus. — T. 1.
Hafniae. 348pp. [Mutillidae: 281, 311-313].

FABRICIUS J.Ch. (1793): Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta, secundum classes,
ordines, genera, species adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. T. 2.
Hafniae. 520pp. [Mutillidae: 304, 366-372].

HOFFER A. (1938): Prodromus hymenopterorum Cecho-Slovakiae, pars 2. F. V. Myrmosidae;
F. VI. Mutillidae. — Sbornik entomol. odd. När. Musea v Praze 16: 176-195. (In Czech).

1538

INVREA F. (1950): Mutillidi nuovi o notevoli del Bacino Mediterraneo (Hymenoptera,
Mutillidae). — Memorie della Societä Entomologica Italiana 29: 19-27.

INVREA F. (1958): Mutillidi nuovi o notevoli del Bacino Mediterraneo. VI nota. (Hymenop-
tera, Mutillidae). — Bolletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 88 (9-10): 143-147, 1
fig.

INVREA F. (1964): Mutillidae - Myrmosidae. — Bologna. xii+303pp., 95 figs (Fauna d'Italia,
5).

KLUG J.C.F. (1835): Description de Mutilles. — In: WALTL J., Reise durch Tirol, Oberitalien
und Piemont nach dem sudlichen Spanien. Passau 2: 91-95.

LATREILLE P.A. (1792): Mutilles, Découvertes en France. — Actes de la Société d'Histoire
Naturelle 1: 5-12.

LELEJ A.S. (1985): Osy-nemki (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) fauny SSSR 1 sopredel'nykh stran
[The velvet ants (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) of the USSR and neighbouring countries].
Leningrad: Nauka. 268pp., 64 tables. (In Russian).

LELEJ A.S. (2002): Catalogue of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of the Palaearctic region. —
Vladivostok: Dalnauka. 171pp.

LELEJ A.S. & P.G. NEMKOV (1997): Phylogeny, evolution and classification of Mutillidae
(Hymenoptera). — Far Eastern entomologist 46: 1-24.

LEPELETIER A. (1845): Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. T. 3. — Hyménoptères. Paris. 646pp.
[Mutillidae: 517, 589-646, 5 figs].

LINNAEUS C. (1758): Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines,
genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. — T. I. Editio X.
Holmiae. 823pp. [Mutillidae: 582-583].

Lucas P.H. (1849): Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841 et
1842 publiée par ordre du gouvernement et avec le concours d'une commission acadé-
mique, Sciences physiques, Zoologie, 3. — Histoire naturelle des animaux articulés, 3.
Insectes. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris. 527pp. [Mutillidae: 287-299, 2 plates].

OLIVIER A.G. (1811): Encyclopédie méthodique. — Histoire naturelle. Insectes 8. Paris,
722pp. [Mutillidae: 48-66, 128-131].

PALLAS P.S. (1773): Reisen durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs, in den
Jahren 1768-1774, St. Petersburg, T. 2. [Mutillidae: 730].

PANZER G.W.F. (1792-1844): Faunae Insectorum Germaniae initia oder Deutschlands
Insecten, Nürnberg. 1797, H. 39-48 [Mutillidae: H. 46: 18-20];, H. 49-60 [Mutillidae: H.
55: 24]; 1799, H. 61-72 [Mutillidae: H. 62: 19-20]; 1800, H. 73-79 [Mutillidae: H: 76:
20]; 1801, H. 80-85 [Mutillidae: H. 80: 22; H. 83: 20; H. 85: 14]; 1805, H. 97-98
[Mutillidae: H: 97: 20]; 1806-1809, H. 101-107 [Mutillidae: H. 106: 21].

PETAGNA V. (1787): Specimen insectorum ulterioris Calabriae. — Franofurti et Moguntiae,
47pp., tab. 1 [Mutillidae: p. 33, figs 37-38; Mutilla brutia, Tropidotilla litoralis].

PETERSEN B. (1988): The Palaearctic Mutillidae of I.C. Fabricius and some related material
(Insecta, Hymenoptera, Aculeata). — Steenstrupia 14 (6): 129-224, 63 figs.

RADOSZKOWSKI O. (1865): Les mutilles russes. — Bulletin de la Société [mpériale des
Naturalistes de Moscou 38: 422-467, tab. 7-9.

RADOSZKOWSKI O. (1885): Revision des armures copulatrices des máles de la famille de
Mutillides. — Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 19 (1-2): 3-49, 9 plates.

Rossi P. (1792-1794): Mantissa insectorum exhibens species nuper in Etruria collectas
adjectis Faunae Etruscae illustrationibus ac emendationibus. — Pisa 1792 (1): 147-148;
1794 (2): 129-134.

ScHMID-EGGER C. & F. BURGER (1998): Kritisches Verzeichnis der deutschen Arten der
Mutillidae, Myrmosidae, Sapygidae, Scoliidae und Tiphiidae (Hymenoptera). — Bembix
10: 42-49.

1539

SCHMID-EGGER C. & B. PETERSEN (1993): Taxonomie, Verbreitung, Bestandssituation und
Bestimmungsschlüssel für die deutschen Arten der Gattung Smicromyrme THOMSON 1860
(Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). — NachrBl. bayer. Ent. 42 (2): 46-56, 8 figs.

SKORIKOV A.S. (1927): Sur la sousfam. des Myrmillini dans la region palearctique. —
Ezhegodnik zoologicheskogo Muzeya 28 (1): 33-47. (In Russian).

SMITH F. (1855): Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British
Museum. Part Ill. Mutillidae and Pompilidae. — London: 1-206, pl. 1-5.
[Mutillidae: 1-66, pl. 1].

SUAREZ F.J. (1988): Mirmosidos de la Peninsula Iberica (Hymenoptera, Myrmosidae). —
Graellsia 44: 81-158, 115 figs, 5 maps.

TOURNIER H. (1889): Hyménoptéres. Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles et remarques diverses.
— L’Entomologiste Genevois 1: 11-18, 2: 35-45, 3: 56-69, 4: 93-96, 5: 102-115, 6-8:
124-140. [Mutillidae: 11-18, 35-41].

VILLERS C. de (1789): Caroli Linnaei entomologia, faunae suecicae descriptionibus aucta; etc.
— Lugduni 3: [Mutillidae: 340-344, 640, 641, plate 3, figs 33-36].

Addresses of the authors: Arkady LELEJ
Institute of Biology and Soil Science,
Vladivostok-22, 690022, Russia
E-Mail: lelej@ibss.dvo.ru

Dr. Christian SCHMID-EGGER
Kirchstr. 1,

82211 Herrsching, Germany
E-Mail: christian@bembix.de

Pt ARTO nt

13

Figs 1-18: (1) Smicromyrme rufipes, 3, segment I-II lateral view; (2) Krombeinella wolfi, d,
tergum VII lateral view; (3) Myrmosa atra, ó , tergum VII lateral view; (4) M. atra, 3, tergum VII
posterior view; (5) Paramyrmosa brunnipes, ó , tergum VII posterior view; (6) Mutilla europaea,
G, head; (7) Dasylabris maura, 3, head; (8) Cystomutilla ruficeps, 9, head; (9) Physetopoda
halensis, 3, segment I-II lateral view; (10) P. brunnipes, o, pedicel and flagellomeres I-III; (11)
Krombeinella longicollis, 9, head and mesosoma dorsal view; (12) M. atra, 9, head and meso-
soma dorsal view; (13) D. regalis, 3, mandible, lateral view; (14) D. maura, mandible, lateral
view; (15) Tropidotilla litoralis, &, mandible lateral view; (16) Nemka viduata, 3, mandible
lateral view; (17) Mutilla mikado, ó , mandible lateral view; (18) S. rufipes, ó , mandible, lateral

VIEW.

1541

ce

Figs 19-28: (19) Nemka viduata, 3, mesosoma dorsal view (msc - mesoscutum, mscl -mesoscu-
tellum, pr - pronotum, prp - propodeum, tg - tegula); (20) Tropidotilla litoralis, 3, mesosoma
dorsal view; (21) Physetopoda halensis, ó , forewing (RS. first, abscissa of RS, SC - subcosta, St -
stigmatic cell); (22) Trogaspidia catanensis, à, forewing (RS! - first abscissa of RS, SC - sub-
costa, st - stigmatic cell); (23) Nemka viduata, 3, pedicel and flagellomeres I-III; (24) Trogaspidia
fedtschenkoi, 3, pedicel and flagellomeres -HI (25) Dasylabris maura, 9, metasoma; (26) D.
regalis, o, metasoma; (27) D. maura, d , metasoma; (28) D. regalis, 3, metasoma.

. ©
28

1542

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Figs 29-37: (29) Smicromyrme sicana, ó , genitalia, dorsal view at left, ventral view at right; (30)
Nemka viduata, 3, genitalia, dorsal view at left, ventral view at right; (31) Physetopoda
scutellaris, 3, volsella, ventral view; (32, 33) Ph. daghestanica, 3, volsella, lateral (32) and
ventral (33) view; (34) Smicromyrme ruficollis, 3, head; (35) Ph. cingulata, 3, head; (36) Ph.
scutellaris, 3, head; (37) Smicromyrme sicana, à , head.

1543

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.

49

Figs 38-52: (38) Dasylabris mongolica, 9, mesosoma and base of metasoma, dorsal view; (39)
Mutilla saltensis, 9, mesosoma and base of metasoma, dorsal view; (40) Trogaspidia
fedtschenkoi, 9, mesosoma lateral view (a.sp - anterior spiracle, m.sp - mid spiracle tubercle,
mspl.st - mesopleural suture, mtpl.st - metapleural suture, p.sp -propodeal spiracle); (41)
Physetopoda halensis, 9, pygidial area; (42) Smicromyrme triangularis, 9, pygidial area; (43) S.
rufipes, 9, pygidial area; (44) Nemka viduata, 9, pygidial area; (45) D. regalis, 9, pygidial area;
(46) D. maura, o, pygidial area; (47) Ph. halensis, d, clypeus; (48) Ph. lucasii, d, clypeus; (49)
M. europaea, 9, segment I-II lateral view; (50) Tropidotilla litoralis, o, segment I-II lateral view;
(51) D. maura, 9, head; (52) S. ingauna, 8 , clypeus.